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Firsthand insights into the current and future technology and large-scale applications of color- and opacity-changing optical materials Chromogenics delivers a comprehensive overview of the industry-relevant scientific background of chromogenics and provides details on successful manufacturing techniques for the scalable fabrication of products, enabling readers to apply chromogenic materials in billion-dollar market segments such as the car industry (rear-view mirrors) and building and construction industry (self-tinting windows), as well as for individual end-user products such as sunglasses. Contributed to by developers of chromogenic products from leading companies and industry-near research institutions such as Fraunhofer, Merck, Pleotint, and Gentex,
Chromogenics explores sample topics including:
- Electrochromics (both inorganic and polymeric), thermochromics, and suspended particle devices (SPD)
- Encapsulated pigment devices, specific liquid crystals, and polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC)
- Vacuum web coaters and their large-area coatings, transparent electronic conductors, sputter coating processes, and pyrolytic doped tin oxide
- Emerging commercial technologies including pyrolytic deposition, magnetron sputtering, slot die coating, and doctor blade coating
- Products such as switchable self-dimming mirrors and switchable glazing for glare reduction, solar energy control, and privacy glazing
Presenting state-of-the-art research in the field along with future outlooks,
Chromogenics is an essential reference on the subject for materials scientists, physical chemists, applied physicists, and engineering scientists in industry.
List of contents
List of Contributors xiii
Preface xv
Part I Technologies 1
1A Overview of Chromogenics 3
Carl M. Lampert 1B Introduction to Glazing Design and Measurements
69 Carl M. Lampert 2 Electrochromics
97 Carl M. Lampert, Anoop Agrawal, and Junichi Nagai 3 Trends in Organic Electrochromic Materials and Their Applications
173 Melepurath Deepa and Anoop Agrawal 4 Polymeric Electrochromics
195 Marco Schott and Uwe Posset 5 Evolution of Industrial Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) Technology in Europe: A Review of Research, Development, Manufacturing, and Potential Emerging Technologies
229 H. Hakemi 6 Suspended Particle Devices
261 Philippe Lemarchand and Brian Norton 7 Inorganic Thermochromics and Photochromics
293 Lars Österlund, José Montero,, and Gunnar A. Niklasson 8 Overview of Organic Thermochromic Materials
341 Gunnar A. Niklasson, José Montero, and Carl M. Lampert 9 Other Chromogenic Technologies
371 Carl M. Lampert Part II Manufacturing 395 10 Introduction to Manufacturing
397 Carl M. Lampert 11 Sputter Coating Processes and Industrial Approaches
427 Wilmert C.S. De Bosscher 12 Vacuum Web Coaters and Their Large-Area Coatings Used in Chromogenic Products: Technology and Applications of Transparent Electronic Conductors
453 Paul Lippens 13 Pyrolytic Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide on Glass for Chromogenic Products
469 George Neuman Index
503
About the author
Carl M. Lampert, PhD, became a full-time consultant working for industry on chromogenics for architectural building glazing, automotive windows and sunroofs mirrors, train windows, and satellite surfaces for emissivity control in 2000. He has written many scholarly articles and has given lectures at companies such as Toyota Motors, Nissan Motors, Asahi Glass, DuPont, Applied Materials, JX Nippon Oil, Teijin, Toray Industries, and Dai Nippon Printing.
