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Developmental and Fetal Origins of Differences in Monozygotic Twins: From Genetics to Environmental Factors examines the major causes of discordance in monozygotic twins, from genetic, to environmental influences, including discussions on the genetic, epigenetic, fetal and environmental factors. Twin differences discussed include malformations, deformations and disruptions secondary to inequitable division of the early embryo, chromosome and single gene mosaicism, Nonrandom X chromosome inactivation, mitochondrial heteroplasmy, epigenetic variation, and variable and inequitable blood supply, among other influences. Differences in hemoglobin levels, placentation and amniotic fluid are also examined, while full color images illustrate discordant anomalies and twin differences throughout.
List of contents
1. Introduction
2. Biology of monozygotic twinning
3. Mechanisms of discordance in
monozygotic twins: why and when?
4. Monozygotic twins in history:
enlightenment by mythology and
ethnography
5. Genetics and epigenetics differences in
monozygotic twins: the vision of the
geneticist
6. Heterokaryotypic monozygotic twins
7. Differences in placentation in
monochorionic twin pregnancies
8. Differences in growth: selective
intrauterine growth restriction in
monochorionic twins
9. Hemoglobin differences at birth in
monochorionic twins
10. Differences in amniotic fluid in MZ
twins
11. Twin-reversed arterial perfusion
sequence: different identical twins
12. Major discordant anomalies in
monozygotic twins: management and
outcome
13. Congenital heart disease in
monozygotic twins
14. Spotting the differences in the
first trimester of pregnancy in MZ twins:
the issue of aneuploidies and TTTS
screening
15. Noninvasive prenatal screening in
twin pregnancies
16. A new way to look at multiples: the
power of image
17. Differences in monozygotic twins: the
implications of diet and intestinal
microbioma
18. Differences in development in
monozygotic twins
19. Monozygotic twins: a personal as
well as a criminal and jurisdictional
approach
20. Monozygotic twin differences in
perceived age
21. The environmental differences
between twins in utero and their
importance for downstream development: a
need for standardized monitoring in
obstetric research
22. Future perspectives
About the author
Dr. Alexandra Matias is Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Porto Medical School, and Senior Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynecology and Specialist in Fetal Medicine at University Hospital of S. João Porto, Portugal. Dr. Matias completed her PhD in Medicine at the University of Porto with the thesis "Venous return in the evaluation of fetal heart function,” and also completed a Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung Fellowship at the Pharmakologisches Institute in Heidelberg, Germany. She currently advises 6 doctorate and 12 master's degrees in Medicine, and served as the PhD jury president at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Barcelona. Dr. Matias has published widely in such peer reviewed journals as Twin Research and Human Genetics, Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Journal of Perinatal Medicine, the Journal of Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, and the European Journal of Pharmacology.Isaac Blickstein is Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Affiliated with the Hadassah-Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
