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Urology refers to a specialty of medicine that focuses on diseases of the reproductive organs and urinary tract system that can be treated medically or surgically. It includes organs such as the urinary bladder, kidneys, ureters, urethra, adrenal glands, as well as male reproductive organs such as seminal vesicles, epididymis, penis, testes, vas deferens and prostate. The reproductive and urinary tracts are interconnected and problems with one have an impact on the other. In the field of urology, diseases including urinary tract infections and enlarged prostates are treated medically, whereas prostate cancer, stress incontinence, bladder cancer and kidney stones are treated surgically. Surgeries assisted by laser, minimally invasive laparoscopy and robotic surgery, and other scope-guided treatments are examples of urological techniques. Pediatric surgery, oncology, gynecology, colorectal surgery, endocrinology, nephrology, andrology and gastroenterology are closely associated to urology. This book explores all the important aspects of clinical urology in the present day. It includes contributions of experts and researchers which will provide innovative insights into this field. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.
