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In European Cities in the Modern Era, 1850-1914 Friedrich Lenger analyses the demographic and economic preconditions of European urbanization, compares the extent to which Europe's cities were characterized by heterogeneity with respect to the social, national and religious composition of its population and asks in which way differences resulting from this heterogeneity were resolved either peacefully or violently.
Using this general perspective and extending the scope by including Eastern and Southern Europe the dominant view of Europe's prewar cities as islands of modernity is challenged and the ubiquity of urban violence established as a central analytical problem.
List of contents
Acknowledgements
List of Abbreviations
Introduction
I. Capitals of the Nineteenth Century
1. London at the time of the Great Exhibition of 1851
2. The Rebuilding of Paris under Haussmann
3. Paris at the time of the International Exposition of 1867
II.The Urbanization of Europe in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century and its Economic and Demographic Background
1. Elements of Europe`s Urbanization 1850-1914
2. The Demographic Backdrop
3. The Economic Sources of Urbanization
4. Urban Systems and City-Country Relations
III. Migration, Urban Society, and Urban Space
1. Migration and Urban Society
2. Urban Societies and Urban Space: Fragmentation and Heterogeneity?
IV. Housing Conditions and Housing Reform
1. Housing Conditions in European Cities during the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century - A Comparative Perspective
2. Ideas and Initiatives for Reform
V. The Construction of the Modern City: Self-Government, Urban Infrastructure, and Planning in the Epoch of Municipal Socialism
1. Structures of Communal Self-Governance in Europe, 1850-1914
2. The Modern City: Healthy and Stench-Free?
3. The Modern City: Bright, Fast, and Well-Planned?
4. The Modern City: Solicitous and Social?
5. Municipal Socialism: Significance and Limits
VI. Culture, Communication, Critique
1. Middle Class High Culture, Workers` Culture, Mass Culture
2. Mass Media, Perceptions of the City, and the Critique of City Life
VII. The Struggle for Urban Space
1. Men and Women, Above and Below, Day and Night
2. Revolutions and Demonstrations, Pogroms and Terrorism
Bibliography
Index
About the author
Friedrich Lenger, Dr. phil. (1985), Düsseldorf University, is Professor for Modern History at Giessen University. He has published numerous monographs, collected volumes and articles on European and North American social history since 1800 and has been Visiting Professor at St Antony's College (Oxford) and Georgetown University.
