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The Remnants of Race Science traces the influence of ideas from the Global South on UNESCO¿s race campaign, illuminating its relationship to notions of modernization and economic development.
List of contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction: The Remnants of Race Science
Part I: Confronting Racism in the Southern Hemisphere, 1890–1951
1. Substituting Race: Arthur Ramos, Bahia, and the “Nina Rodrigues School”
2. Relocating Race Science After World War II: Situating the 1950 UNESCO Statement on Race in the Southern Hemisphere
3. Vikings of the Sunrise: Alfred Metraux, Te Rangi Hīroa, and Polynesian Racial Resilience
Part II: Race in the Tropics and Highlands and the Quest for Economic Development, 1945–1962
4. A Tropical Laboratory: Race, Evolution, and the Demise of UNESCO’s Hylean Amazon Project
5. “Peasants Without Land”: Race and Indigeneity in the ILO’s Puno-Tambopata Project
Part III: Engineering Racial Harmony and Decolonization, 1952–1961
6. A Brazilian Racial Dilemma: Modernization and UNESCO’s Race Relations Studies in Brazil
7. A White World Perspective and the Collapse of Global Race Relations Inquiry
Conclusion: “Racism Continues to Haunt the World”
Notes
Index
About the author
Sebastián Gil-Riaño is an assistant professor in the History and Sociology of Science Department and the Center for Latin American and Latinx Studies at the University of Pennsylvania.
Summary
After World War II, UNESCO launched an ambitious international campaign against race prejudice. Casting racism as a problem of ignorance, it sought to reduce prejudice by spreading the latest scientific knowledge about human diversity to instill “mutual understanding” between groups of people. This campaign has often been understood as a response led by British and U.S. scientists to the extreme ideas that informed Nazi Germany. Yet many of its key figures were social scientists either raised in or closely involved with South America and the South Pacific.
The Remnants of Race Science traces the influence of ideas from the Global South on UNESCO’s race campaign, illuminating its relationship to notions of modernization and economic development. Sebastián Gil-Riaño examines the campaign participants’ involvement in some of the most ambitious development projects of the postwar period. In challenging race prejudice, these experts drew on ideas about race that emphasized plasticity and mutability, in contrast to the fixed categories of scientific racism. Gil-Riaño argues that these same ideas legitimated projects of economic development and social integration aimed at bringing ostensibly “backward” indigenous and non-European peoples into the modern world. He also shows how these experts’ promotion of studies of race relations inadvertently spurred a deeper reckoning with the structural and imperial sources of racism as well as the aftermath of the transatlantic slave trade.
Shedding new light on the postwar refashioning of ideas about race, this book reveals how internationalist efforts to dismantle racism paved the way for postcolonial modernization projects.
