Petroleum Refining Design and Applications Handbook, Volume 5 - Pressure Relieving Devices Emergency Relief System Design, Process

PETROLEUM REFINING
 
With no new refineries having been built in decades, companies continue to build onto or reverse engineer and re-tool existing refineries. With so many changes in the last few years alone, books like this are very much in need. There is truly a renaissance for chemical and process engineering going on right now across multiple industries.
 
This fifth and final volume in the "Petroleum Refining Design and Applications Handbook" set, this book continues the most up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of the most significant and recent changes to petroleum refining, presenting the state-of-the-art to the engineer, scientist, or student.
 
Besides the list below, this groundbreaking new volume describes blending of products from the refinery, applying the ternary diagrams and classifications of crude oils, flash point blending, pour point blending, aniline point blending, smoke point and viscosity blending, cetane and diesel indices. The volume further reviews refinery operational cost, cost allocation of actual usage, project and economic evaluation involving cost estimation, cash flow involving return on investment, net present values, discounted cash flow rate of return, net present values, payback period, inflation and sensitivity analysis, and so on. It reviews global effects on the refining economy, carbon tax, carbon foot print, global warming potential, carbon dioxide equivalent, carbon credit, carbon offset, carbon price, and so on. It reviews sustainability in petroleum refining and alternative fuels (biofuels and so on), impact of the overall greenhouse effects, carbon capture and storage in refineries, process intensification in biodiesel, biofuel from green diesel, acid-gas removal and emerging technologies, carbon capture and storage, gas heated reformer unit, pressure swing adsorption process, steam methane reforming for fuel cells, grey, blue and green hydrogen production, new technologies for carbon capture and storage, carbon clean process design, refinery of the future, refining and petrochemical industry characteristics. The text is packed with Excel spreadsheet calculations and Honeywell UniSim Design software in some examples, and it includes an invaluable glossary of petroleum and petrochemical technical terminologies.
 
Useful as a textbook, this is also an excellent, handy go-to reference for the veteran engineer, a volume no chemical or process engineering library should be without. Written by one of the world's foremost authorities, this book sets the standard for the industry and is an integral part of the petroleum refining renaissance. It is truly a must-have for any practicing engineer or student in this area.

List of contents

Preface xxiv
 
Acknowledgments xxvii
 
23 Pressure Relieving Devices and Emergency Relief System Design 1
 
23.0 Introduction 1
 
23.1 Types of Positive Pressure Relieving Devices (See Manufacturers' Catalogs for Design Details) 2
 
23.2 Types of Valves/Relief Devices 6
 
Conventional Safety Relief Valve 6
 
Balanced Safety Relief Valve 7
 
Special Valves 7
 
Rupture Disk 7
 
Example 23.1 15
 
23.3 Materials of Construction 18
 
Safety and Relief Valves: Pressure-Vacuum Relief Values 18
 
Rupture Disks 19
 
23.4 General Code Requirements [1] 20
 
23.5 Relief Mechanisms 20
 
Reclosing Devices, Spring Loaded 20
 
Non-Reclosing Pressure Relieving Devices 21
 
23.6 Pressure Settings and Design Basis 21
 
23.7 Unfired Pressure Vessels Only, But Not Fired or Unfired Steam Boilers 24
 
Non-Fire Exposure 24
 
External Fire or Heat Exposure Only and Process Relief 24
 
23.8 Relieving Capacity of Combinations of Safety Relief Valves and Rupture Disks or Non-Reclosure Devices (Reference ASME Code, Par. UG-127, U-132) 24
 
Primary Relief 24
 
Rupture Disk Devices, [44] Par UG-127 25
 
Footnotes to ASME Code 26
 
23.9 Establishing Relieving or Set Pressures 27
 
Safety and Safety Relief Valves for Steam Service 28
 
23.10 Selection and Application 28
 
Causes of System Overpressure 28
 
23.11 Capacity Requirements Evaluation for Process Operation (Non-Fire) 29
 
Installation 34
 
23.12 Piping Design 37
 
Pressure Drops 37
 
Line Sizing 37
 
23.13 Selection Features: Safety, Safety-Relief Valves, and Rupture Disks 44
 
23.14 Calculations of Relieving Areas: Safety and Relief Valves 46
 
23.15 Standard Pressure Relief Valves Relief Area Discharge Openings 46
 
23.16 Sizing Safety Relief Type Devices for Required Flow Area at Time of Relief 47
 
23.17 Effects of Two-Phase Vapor-Liquid Mixture on Relief Valve Capacity 47
 
23.18 Sizing for Gases or Vapors or Liquids for Conventional Valves with Constant Backpressure Only 47
 
Procedure 48
 
Establish Critical Flow for Gases and Vapors 48
 
Example 23.2: Flow through Sharp Edged Vent Orifice (Adapted after [41]) 54
 
23.19 Orifice Area Calculations [42] 54
 
23.20 Sizing Valves for Liquid Relief: Pressure-Relief Valves Requiring Capacity Certification [5D] 60
 
23.21 Sizing Valves For Liquid Relief: Pressure Relief Valves Not Requiring Capacity Certification [5D] 61
 
23.22 Reaction Forces 66
 
Example 23.3 67
 
Solution 67
 
Example 23.4 69
 
Solution 70
 
23.23 Calculations of Orifice Flow Area using Pressure Relieving Balanced Bellows Valves, with Variable or Constant Backpressure 72
 
23.24 Sizing Valves for Liquid Expansion (Hydraulic Expansion of Liquid Filled Systems/ Equipment/Piping) 80
 
23.25 Sizing Valves for Subcritical Flow: Gas or Vapor But Not Steam [5d] 81
 
23.26 Emergency Pressure Relief: Fires and Explosions Rupture Disks 84
 
23.27 External Fires 84
 
23.28 Set Pressures for External Fires 85
 
23.29 Heat Absorbed 85
 
The Severe Case 85
 
23.30 Surface Area Exposed to Fire 86
 
23.31 Relief Capacity for Fire Exposure 87
 
23.32 Code Requirements for External Fire Conditions 87
 
23.33 Design Procedure 88
 
Example 23.5 88
 
Solution 88
 
23.34 Pressure Relief Valve Orifice Areas on Vessels Containing Only Gas, Unwetted Surface 92
 
23.35 Rupture Disk

About the author

A. Kayode Coker PhD, is Engineering Consultant for AKC Technology, an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Wolverhampton, U.K., a former Engineering Coordinator at Saudi Aramco Shell Refinery Company (SASREF) and Chairman of the department of Chemical Engineering Technology at Jubail Industrial College, Saudi Arabia. He has been a chartered chemical engineer for more than 30 years. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, U.K. (C. Eng., FIChemE), and a senior member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE). He holds a B.Sc. honors degree in Chemical Engineering, a Master of Science degree in Process Analysis and Development and Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering, all from Aston University, Birmingham, U.K., and a Teacher's Certificate in Education at the University of London, U.K. He has directed and conducted short courses extensively throughout the world and has been a lecturer at the university level. His articles have been published in several international journals. He is an author of 10 books in chemical engineering, a contributor to the Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design, Vol 61 and a certified train - the mentor trainer. A Technical Report Assessor and Interviewer for chartered chemical engineers (IChemE) in the U.K. He is a member of the International Biographical Centre in Cambridge, U.K. (IBC) as Leading Engineers of the World for 2008. Also, he is a member of International Who's Who of ProfessionalsTM and Madison Who's Who in the U.S.

Summary

PETROLEUM REFINING

With no new refineries having been built in decades, companies continue to build onto or reverse engineer and re-tool existing refineries. With so many changes in the last few years alone, books like this are very much in need. There is truly a renaissance for chemical and process engineering going on right now across multiple industries.

This fifth and final volume in the "Petroleum Refining Design and Applications Handbook" set, this book continues the most up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of the most significant and recent changes to petroleum refining, presenting the state-of-the-art to the engineer, scientist, or student.

Besides the list below, this groundbreaking new volume describes blending of products from the refinery, applying the ternary diagrams and classifications of crude oils, flash point blending, pour point blending, aniline point blending, smoke point and viscosity blending, cetane and diesel indices. The volume further reviews refinery operational cost, cost allocation of actual usage, project and economic evaluation involving cost estimation, cash flow involving return on investment, net present values, discounted cash flow rate of return, net present values, payback period, inflation and sensitivity analysis, and so on. It reviews global effects on the refining economy, carbon tax, carbon foot print, global warming potential, carbon dioxide equivalent, carbon credit, carbon offset, carbon price, and so on. It reviews sustainability in petroleum refining and alternative fuels (biofuels and so on), impact of the overall greenhouse effects, carbon capture and storage in refineries, process intensification in biodiesel, biofuel from green diesel, acid-gas removal and emerging technologies, carbon capture and storage, gas heated reformer unit, pressure swing adsorption process, steam methane reforming for fuel cells, grey, blue and green hydrogen production, new technologies for carbon capture and storage, carbon clean process design, refinery of the future, refining and petrochemical industry characteristics. The text is packed with Excel spreadsheet calculations and Honeywell UniSim Design software in some examples, and it includes an invaluable glossary of petroleum and petrochemical technical terminologies.

Useful as a textbook, this is also an excellent, handy go-to reference for the veteran engineer, a volume no chemical or process engineering library should be without. Written by one of the world's foremost authorities, this book sets the standard for the industry and is an integral part of the petroleum refining renaissance. It is truly a must-have for any practicing engineer or student in this area.

Product details

• Authors: A Kayode Coker, A. Kayode Coker, Coker A. Kayode
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 19.09.2023
• EAN: 9781394206988
• ISBN: 978-1-394-20698-8
• No. of pages: 976
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Technology > Heat, energy and power station engineering; Social sciences, law, business > Business > Individual industrial sectors, branches; Chemie, Erdöl, Energie, ENERGY, Prozesssteuerung, chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Industrial Chemistry, chemische Verfahrenstechnik, Technische u. Industrielle Chemie, Natural Gas & Petroleum Products, Erdgas u. Erdöl, Process Engineering