DWDM - Networks, Devices, and Technology

* DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) is the technology that allows multiple streams of data to flow on today's optical fiber communication networks
* Comprehensive introduction to optical fiber communications covering the basic scientific principles
* Includes coverage of optical and photonic physics, as well as the new optical systems, devices, and networks that are replacing traditional electronics
A Wiley-IEEE Press Publication

List of contents

Preface.
Acknowledgments.

List of Physical Constants.

Introduction.

1. The Physics of Optical Components.

1.1. Introduction.

1.2. The Nature of Light.

1.2.1. The Wave Nature of Light.

1.2.2. The Particle Nature of Light.

1.2.3. Huygens-Fresnel Principle.

1.2.4. Interference.

1.2.5. Holography.

1.2.6. Optical Correlators and Storage.

1.2.7. Light Attributes.

1.3. Optical Materials.

1.3.1. Transparent Versus Opaque Matter.

1.3.2. Homogeneity and Heterogeneity.

1.3.3. Isotropy and Anisotropy.

1.3.4. Organic Materials.

1.3.5. Photochromaticity.

1.4. Light Meets Matter.

1.4.1. Reflection and Refraction: Snell's Law.

1.4.2. Critical Angle.

1.4.3. Antireflection.

1.4.4. Prisms and Superprisms.

1.4.5. Propagation of Light.

1.4.6. Diffraction.

1.4.7. Polarization.

1.4.8. Extinction Ratio.

1.4.9. Phase Shift.

1.4.10. Birefringence.

1.4.11. Material Dispersion.

1.4.12. Electro-Optic Effects.

1.4.13. Material Attributes.

1.5. The Fiber as an Optical Transmission Medium.

1.5.1. Composite Refractive Indices.

1.5.2. Fiber Modes.

1.5.3. Fiber Attenuation and Power Loss.

1.5.4. Fiber Birefringence.

1.5.5. Dispersion.

1.5.6. Spectral Broadening.

1.5.7. Self-Phase Modulation.

1.5.8. Self-Modulation or Modulation Instability.

1.5.9. Effect of Pulse Broadening on Bit Error Rate.

1.6. Nonlinear Phenomena.

1.6.1. Stimulated Raman Scattering.

1.6.2. Stimulated Brillouin Scattering.

1.6.3. Four-Wave Mixing.

1.6.4. Temporal FWM, Near-End and Far-End.

1.6.5. Impact of FWM on DWDM Transmission Systems.

1.6.6. Countermeasures to Reduce FWM.

1.7. Solitons.

1.8. Summary of Nonlinear Phenomena.

1.9. Factors that Affect Matter and Light.

1.10. Regarding Optical Fiber.

1.10.1. Ideal Fiber Versus Real Fiber.

1.10.2. The Evolving Bandwidth-Span Product.

1.10.3. Fiber Amplifiers and Spectral Continuum.

1.10.4. New Fibers.

1.10.5. How Strong Is Fiber?

1.11. Fiber Connectivity.

1.12. Optical PWBs.

Exercises.

References.

Standards.

2. Optical Components.

2.1. Introduction.

2.1.1. Geometrical Optics.

2.1.2. Insertion Loss and Isolation.

2.1.3. Parameters Common to All Components.

2.2. Optical Filters.

2.2.1. Fabry-Perot Interferometer.

2.2.2. Dielectric Thin Film.

2.2.3. Diffraction Gratings.

2.2.4. Bragg Gratings.

2.2.5. Mach-Zehnder Interferometry.

2.2.6. Arrayed Waveguide Grating Filters.

2.2.7. Polarizing Filters.

2.2.8. Absorption Filters.

2.2.9. Acousto-Optic Tunable Filters.

2.2.10. Hybrid Filters.

2.2.11. Comparing Tunable Filters.

2.3. Optical Directional Couplers.

2.4. Optical Power Attenuators.

2.5. Polarizers and Rotators.

2.6. Beam Splitters.

2.7. Optical Isolators and Circulators.

2.8. Quarter-Wavelength and Half-Wavelength Plates.

2.9. Optical Multiplexers and Demultiplexers.

2.9.1. Prisms and Superprisms.

2.9.2. Gratings.

2.9.3. Mach-Zehnder Demultiplexer.

2.9.4. Arrayed Waveguide Grating Demultiplexers.

2.9.5. Channel Interleavers and Channel Splitters.

2.10. Optical Cross-Connects.

2.10.1. Free-Space Optical Switching.

2.10.2. Solid-State Cross-Connects.

2.10.3. Polymers and Inks.

2.10.4. Photochromic Materials.

2.10.5. Technologies and Switching Speeds.

2.11. Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers.

2.12. Optical Equalizers.

2.13. Light Sources.

2.13.1. Light-Emitting Diodes.

2.13.2. Lasers.

2.14. Laser Beams.

2.14.1. Gaussian Beams.

2.14.2. Near-Field and Far-Field Distribution.

2.14.3. Peak Wavelength.

2.14.4. Degree of Coherence.

2.14.5. Laser Safety.

2.15. Modulators.

2.15.1. Types of Modulators.

2.15.2. A Case: Amplitude Modulation.

2.15.3. Modulation and Bit Error Probabilities.

2.16. Photodetectors and Receivers.

2.16.1. The PIN Photodiode.

2.16.2. The APD Photodiode.

2.16.3. Photodetector Figure of Merit.

About the author

STAMATIOS V. KARTALOPOULOS, PhD, is currently Williams Professor in Telecommunications Networking at the T-Com graduate program of the University of Oklahoma. He is also principal consultant of PhotonExperts, a consultancy on advanced optical technology and optical communications systems and networks. For twenty-two years prior to that, he defined, led, and managed research and development teams in Bell Laboratories, where he was awarded the President's Award as well as several other awards for excellence. The Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Press, Dr. Kartalopoulos is the author of Introduction to DWDM Technology, Fault Detectability in DWDM, Understanding Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic, Understanding Sonet/SDH and ATM, as well as other books and articles. He holds a BSc in physics, a graduate diploma in electronics, and an MSc and PhD in electrical engineering.

Summary

DWDM (Dense Wave-length Division Multiplexing) is the technology that allows multiple streams of data to flow on today's optical fiber communication networks. This comprehensive introduction to optical fiber communications covering the basic scientific principles, networks, and the devices utilized in the telecommunications industry.

Report

"...very well-written and easy to read...contains invaluable resources for DWDM implementations for both beginners and advanced readers." ( IEEE Communications Magazine , September 2003)
"...an outstanding source of knowledge about optical systems...very well written and easy to read..." ( Comsoc.org , September 2003)

Product details

• Authors: Stamatios V. Kartalopoulos, Kartalopoulos Stamatios V.
• Publisher: Wiley & Sons
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 01.01.2002
• EAN: 9780471269052
• ISBN: 978-0-471-26905-2
• No. of pages: 540
• Weight: 1417 g
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Technology > Electronics, electrical engineering, communications engineering; Lichtwellenleiter, Quantencomputer, Quantum Computing, Datenübertragung, Kommunikationsnetze, Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Elektrotechnik u. Elektronik, Communication Technology - Networks, Optische Nachrichtentechnik, Optical Communications