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Stephen Ingram defends a robustly realistic metaethical theory, based on the concept of normative arbitrariness, of which he provides the first in-depth analysis. He argues that a correct understanding of dialogue about moral matters leads to an understanding of moral epistemology and normative language that supports this view.
List of contents
- 0: Introduction
- Part 1. Moral Reality
- 1: Arbitrariness Charges
- 2: Modest Stance-Dependence
- 3: Ambitious Stance-Dependence
- 4: Stance-Independence
- 5: Robust Ontology
- Part 2. Moral Dialogue
- 6: Dualistic Intuitionism
- 7: Actual Dialogue
- 8: Sceptical Challenges
- 9: Moral Reference
- 10: Conclusion
About the author
Stephen Ingram is Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Manchester. He completed a PhD in Philosophy at the University of Sheffield in 2016 having previously studies philosophy at the University of Durham. His research focuses on ethics and metaethics.
Summary
Stephen Ingram defends a robustly realistic metaethical theory, based on the concept of normative arbitrariness, of which he provides the first in-depth analysis. He argues that, in order to capture the normative non-arbitrariness of moral choice, we must commit to the existence of robustly stance-independent, categorical, irreducibly normative, non-natural moral facts. Specifically, he identifies five ways in which a metaethical theory might fail to capture the non-arbitrariness of moral choice. The first involves claims about the bruteness of moral attitudes or facts. The second involves claims about the privileging of some attitudes over others. The third involves the claim that some metaethical theories leave a normative deficit. The fourth involves a claim about our ownership over moral reality. And the fifth involves the claim that certain metaethical theories introduce a destabilising contingency into the moral domain. Ingram argues that robust realism is the theory that is best placed to avoid all five of these arbitrariness charges. He then goes on to show that, by exploring the nature of interpersonal moral dialogue, robust realists can defend epistemological and meta-semantic theories that are friendly to their view. Specifically, he defends a dualistic form of moral intuitionism on which some moral beliefs are justified on the basis of a priori intuitions, whilst others are justified on the basis of a posteriori moral experiences, and provides a theory of 'moral mental files' to explain how moral terms and concepts are able to refer to robust moral facts.
Additional text
Robust Realism in Ethics is a good contribution to the metaethical literature. It should be of interest to anyone concerned with the central questions in the field.
