Aging in the Social Environment

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List of contents

• Chapter 1. Gerontology: The Study of Aging


• 1.1 What is Gerontology?


• I.Population Aging


• II.Consequences of Population Aging


• 1.2 Careers in Gerontology


• 1.3 Common Theories of Aging


• I. Biopsychosocial Theories


• II. Additional Perspectives on Aging


• 1.4 What is Ageism?


• 1.5 Types of Ageism


• I. Middle-ageism


• II. Neuroageism


• III. Benevolent Ageism


• IV. Individual and Institutional Ageism


• 1.6 How Culture Influences the Perception of Aging


• I. Media and Literature


• II. Interplay of Complex Factors


• 1.7 Consequences of Ageism


• I.Effect on Physical and Mental Health


• II.Effect on Health Care


• III. Othering


• IV. Microaggressions


• V. Effect on Social Policy


• 1.8 A More Positive View of Aging


• I. Successful Aging


• II. Optimal Aging


• III. Avoiding Ageist Language


• Chapter 2. Biology of Aging


• 2.1 Defining "Age"


• I. Subjective Age


• II. Intersectional Factors that Affect Aging


• 2.2 Age and Human Development


• 2.3 Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Biological Aging


• 2.4 Theories of Biological Aging


• I. Genetic (Programmed) Theory


• II. Wear-and-Tear and Mitochondrial Theories


• 2.5 Age-Related Changes by Body System


• I. Skin and Hair


• II. Senses: Hearing and Vision


• III. Musculoskeletal System


• IV. Immune System


• V. Endocrine System


• VI. Central Nervous System: The Brain


• Dementia


• Treatment for Dementia


• 2.6 Promoting Health and Longevity


• I. Health Disparities and Older Adults


• II. Promoting Health and Well-Being


• Nutrition


• Physical Activity


• Behavioral and Environmental Accommodations


• Chapter 3. Psychology of Aging


• 3.1 Theories of Psychological Age


• I. Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development


• II. Peck's Theory of Ego Integrity


• III. Intersectional and Cultural Factors


• IV. Intersection of Age and Gender


• V. Intersections of Other Characteristics


• 3.2 Personality and Emotion


• I. Personality and Aging


• II. Emotion and Aging


• 3.3 Learning


• I. Cognitive Plasticity


• II. Preserving Healthy Brain Function


• III. Overcoming Barriers to Learning


• 3.4 Mental Health


• I. Depression


• II. Anxiety


• III. Substance Use Disorders


• IV. Suicide


• V. Screening and Diagnosis


• VI. Treatment


• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy


• Narrative and Reminiscence Therapies


• Medications


• 3.5 Resiliency, Creativity, Productivity, and Wisdom


• I. Resiliency


• II. Creativity


• III. Productivity


• IV. Wisdom


• 3.6 Spirituality


• Chapter 4. Sociology of Aging


• 4.1 Social Theories of Aging


• I. Disengagement Theory


• II. Activity Theory


• III. Continuity Theory


• IV. Life Course Model of Social Functioning


• V. Social Convoy Model


• 4.2 Social Connectedness


• I. Physical and Mental Health Benefits


• II. Social Connectedness Across Cultures


• 4.3 Social Connection via Friendships


• I. Evolving Social Networks


• II. Benefits of Friendship


• III. Friendships Among LGBT Older Adults


• IV. Female vs. Male Friend Groups


• V. Intergenerational Friendships


• 4.4 Social Connection via Sexuality and Intimacy


• I. Beliefs About Sexuality


• II. Decreased Sexual Activity


• III. Differences Between Population Groups


• IV. Risk of Sexually Transmitted Disease


• V. Influence of Technology


• Chapter 5. Death and End-of-Life Issues


• 5.1 What is Death?


• I. Defining Physical Death


• II. Physical Process of Dying


• III. Perceptions of Death


• 5.2 End-of-Life Rights and Choices


• I. Right to Die


• II. Death with Dignity Legislation


• III. Hospice Care


• IV. Disparities at End of Life


• 5.3 Preparing for End of Life


• 5.4 Experiencing Grief and Loss


• I. Types of Grief


• II. Theories and Models of Grief


• Kübler-Ross Theory


• Other Models of Grief


• III. Awareness of Death


• 5.5 Memorializing and Taking Care of the Dead


• I. Disposition of Bodies


• Green Burials


• Organ, Tissue, and Body Donation


• II. Memorialization After Death


• III. Impact of COVID Pandemic on Funeral Practices


• Chapter 6. Family and Caregiving


• 6.1 Defining "Family"


• 6.2 Theories of Family and Aging


• I. Family Development Theory


• II. Theory of Intergenerational Solidarity and Conflict


• III. Theory of Intergenerational Ambivalence


• 6.3 Familial Roles and Relationships


• I. Marriage and Long-Term Partnerships


• II. Defining a "Good" Marriage


• III. Divorce


• III. Parents and Adult Children


• Adult Children with Challenges


• Effects of Increased Longevity


• IV. Sibling Relationships


• V. Blended Families


• Negotiation of Boundary Ambiguity


• Intergenerational Resource Exchange


• Filial Norms and Expectations


• VI. Multigenerational Families and Households


• Demographics


• Benefits and Drawbacks of Multigenerational Living


• VII. Grandparents and Grandchildren


• Role of Grandparents


• Caring for Grandchildren


• VIII. Companion Animals


• 6.4 Caring for Older Adults


• I. Adults with Dementia


• II. Informal Care


• Rewards and Challenges


• Support for Caregivers


• III. Formal Care


• IV. Impact on Caregivers


• V. Person- and Family-Centered Care


• 6.5 Elder Abuse


• I. Factors That Contribute to Elder Abuse


• Caregiving Situations


• Intergenerational Ambivalence


• II. Families with a History of Violence


• III. Prevention and Intervention Strategies


• Chapter 7. Work and Retirement


• 7.1 Work and Older Adults


• I. The Nature of Work


• II. U.S. Labor Trends


• III. Generational Perspective


• IV. Ageism in the Workplace


• Intergenerational Work Teams


• Abolishing Mandatory Retirement


• Antidiscrimination Laws


• V. Caregiving and Work


• 7.2 Retirement


• I. Sense of Purpose and Longevity


• II. Effects of Retirement


• III. Phases of Retirement


• 7.3 Financial Support in Retirement


• 7.4 Volunteerism and Community Involvement


• 7.5 Lifelong Learning


• Chapter 8. Living Arrangements


• 8.1 Housing and Care Options for Older Adults


• I. Types of Residential Facilities and Communities


• II. Older Adults with Special Needs


• 8.2 Aging in Place


• I. The Importance of Place


• II. Research on Aging in Place


• III. Changing Needs Over Time


• 8.3 Theories and Approaches to Place and Aging


• I. Environmental Gerontology


• II. Geographical Gerontology


• 8.4 Older Adults in Urban and Rural Environments


• 8.5 The Importance of Neighborhoods


• I. Gentrification


• II. Urban Neighborhoods: Challenges, Resources, and Resilience


• Detroit


• Minneapolis


• 8.6 Housing Options for Older Adults


• I. Historical Background


• II. The Housing Continuum


• III. Innovative Solutions


• Age-Friendly Communities


• Villages


• LGBT 65+ Housing Initiatives


• Home Sharing


• Communal Living


• Intergenerational Programming and Communities


• IV. Housing for Low-Income Seniors


• V. Continuing Care Retirement Communities


• VI. Assisted Living Facilities


• VII. Supportive Housing


• VIII. Nursing Homes


• IX COVID-19 and Long-Term Care Facilities


• 8.7 Living Arrangements of Vulnerable Populations


• I. Older Adults in Prison


• II. Older Victims of Domestic Abuse


• III. Older Adults Without Housing


• Chapter 9. Community Resources and Connectedness


• 9.1 The Importance of Connection


• I. Defining Community


• II. Community Resources


• III. Self-Determination and Social Usefulness


• IV. Social Connection and Social Isolation


• 9.2 Religious and Spiritual Communities


• I. Spiritual Practices


• II. Benefits of Religious and Spiritual Involvement


• 9.3 Recreation and Community Involvement


• I. Sports and Fitness


• II. Travel


• III. The Arts


• IV. Volunteer Work


• V. Socializing in "Third Places"


• 9.4 Health Care Services


• I. Access to Health Care


• II. Primary Care


• III. Geriatricians


• IV. Age-Friendly Health Care


• V. Treatment Programs


• 9.5 Social Services for Older Adults and Their Families


• I. Prevention Services


• II. Adult Day Care


• III. In-Home Personal Care


• IV. Protective Services


• V. Support Services


• VI. Resource Brokerage and Linkage


• Chapter 10. Media and Technology


• 10.1 Media and Older Adults


• I. News Media


• II. Educational and Entertainment Media


• III. Ageism in the Media


• IV. Social Media


• 10.2 Technology Use by Older Adults


• I. Access to Technology


• II. Combating Stereotypes


• III. Technology Use for Lifelong Learning


• IV. Technology Use for Social Connection and Entertainment


• V. Technology Use to Improve Health


• VI. Digital Literacy


• VII. Online Safety


• 10.3 Technology and End of Life


• Chapter 11. Global Trends in Aging


• 11.1 Global Aging


• I. United Nations Initiatives Related to Aging


• II. Population Aging


• III. Living Arrangements


• IV. Life Expectancy and Health


• V. Work and Retirement


• VI. Ageism Worldwide


• 11.2 Culture and Aging


• I. Cross-National Comparisons


• II. Cross-Cultural Comparisons


• III. Cultural Influences on Aging


• 11.3 Aging in the United States in Global Context


• I. U.S. Life Expectancy


• II. Foreign-Born Population


• 11.4 Immigration, Migration, and Aging


• I. Who Migrates and Why?


• II. Older Adults in Home Countries


• III. Older Immigrants in Destination Countries


• Early vs. Late-Life Immigrants


• Older Refugees Fleeing War and Terror


• Legal Status and Threat of Deportation


• 11.5 Aging and Climate Change


• I. Climate Change and Migration


• II. Health Impacts of Climate Change


• III. Climate Change and Natural Disasters


• Chapter 12. Legal, Policy, and Economic Issues That Affect Older U.S. Adults


• 12.1 Social Policies and Legislation


• I. Social Policy and Aging Policy


• II. History of U.S. Aging Policies


• III. Social Security


• Beneficiaries


• Retirement Age


• Sustainability


• IV. Medicare


• V. Medicaid


• VI. Affordable Care Act


• VII. Older Americans Act


• VIII. Long-Term Care Services and Supports


• Cost of Long-Term Care


• Quality of Long-Term Care


• IX. Elder Justice Act


• X. Americans with Disabilities Act


• XI. Assistance for Low-Income Older Adults


• 12.2 Poverty, Inequality, and Cumulative Disadvantage


• I. Poverty Measurement


• II. Who is Poor?


• Variance Between Population Groups


• Cumulative Advantage/Disadvantage


• III. Poverty and Cumulative Disadvantage


• 12.3 Political Participation and Advocacy


• I. Voting Patterns of Older Adults


• II. Intersection of Politics and Policy


• III. Advocacy Organizations


• AARP


• Gray Panthers


• Leadership Council of Aging Organizations


• Other Organizations

About the author

Anissa T. Rogers is a Professor at California State University, San Bernardino's School of Social Work.

Joy Swanson Ernst is an Associate Professor at the Wayne State University School of Social Work.

Summary

Aging in the Social Environment examines the aging process from micro, mezzo, and macro lenses. The micro lens looks at individual processes of aging such as biological, emotional, spiritual, and psychological factors along with topics such as health, resilience, sexuality, and creativity as we age. The mezzo lens looks at processes beyond the individual including work, roles, family, caregiving, living arrangements, religious involvement, and health care. The macro lens looks at factors such as culture, media, laws, policies, language, and stereotypes about aging.

Chapters integrate information from an intersectional perspective: topics are discussed examining factors such as age, class, race, ethnicity, geography, culture, gender identification, and sexual orientation. Also, topics are approached using queer, feminist, and strengths-based approaches instead of a problem-based approach, as used in most texts. These approaches help students to critically think about current, entrenched attitudes about aging and to look at aging processes from different perspectives. It gives attention throughout on the use of language and stereotypes for the aging process, and incorporates new, strengths-based language (e.g., third age) to provide readers with alternative ways of thinking and talking about aging. Finally, the book is organized using a human development approach to integrate aging more thoroughly with the entire developmental process rather than treating it as a separate, distinct process in human development that occurs at the end of life.

Additional text

Faculty in professional programs will welcome this book because it is strongly tied to practice.

Product details

• Authors: Anissa T. Rogers, Anissa T. (Associate Dean Rogers, Joy Swanson Ernst
• Publisher: Oxford University Press
• Languages: English
• Product format: Paperback / Softback
• Released: 20.07.2023
• EAN: 9780197585092
• ISBN: 978-0-19-758509-2
• No. of pages: 304
• Subjects: Humanities, art, music > Education > Social education, social work; Social sciences, law, business > Political science > Political system; FAMILY & RELATIONSHIPS / Eldercare, Care of the elderly, Relating to late adulthood / old age