Microbial Processes and Products

The development of recombinant DNA techniques over the last 20 years has greatly expanded the opportunities for using microorganisms to produce a broad range of valuable substances. In Microbial Processes and Products, outstanding leaders in using microorganisms as cell factories describe in detail their best laboratory procedures for many processes and products mediated by microorganisms. An overview chapter describes how to develop strain improvement programs and strategies to optimize fermentation processes. Taking advantage of the most recent developments in such processes, the authors offer step-by-step experimental methods for the optimal design of microbial metabolite production, including semisynthetic derivatives of cephalosporins, erythromycin, antitumor compounds, plasmids for gene therapy and DNA vaccination, L-lysine, vitamins B2 and B12, the sweet-tasting protein thaumatin, the carotenoids b-carotene and astaxanthin, the polysaccharide gellan, and bacteria-producing bacteria for sausage fermentation. Additionally, the use of phenylacetyl-CoA catabolon for enzymatic synthesis of penicillins, aromatic biotransformations, synthesis of new bioplastics, biosensor design, or synthesis of drug vehicles, and the development of a phosphate encoding gene as a reporter and to monitor gene expression are illustrated.

The diverse chemicals and biochemicals produced can be used in human health, nutrition, and environmental protection. Additional chapters offer techniques for analysis of antimicrobial metabolites and carotenoids, volatile sulfur compounds, metabolic pathway fluxes, gene expression arrays, proteome analysis, bacterial modulation of the innate immune response, bioleaching activity, and heavy metal remediation. Finally, three overview chapters on transport of biological material, deposit of biological material for patent purposes, and protection of biotechnological inventions are shown. The protocols follow the successful Methods in Biotechnology™ series format, each offering step-by-step laboratory instructions, an introduction outlining the principle behind the technique, lists of the necessary equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. A companion volume, Microbial Enzymes and Biotransformations, describes in detail cutting-edge techniques for the screening, evolution, production, immobilization, and use of enzymes.

Wide-ranging and practical, Microbial Processes and Products offers laboratory and industrial scientists a wealth of readily reproducible techniques for the successful microbial generation of biochemical products to serve the needs of human health, nutrition, and environmental protection.

List of contents

Development of Improved Strains and Optimization of Fermentation Processes
Lei Han and Sarad R. Parekh
Experimental Design in Microbiology
Guillaume E. Vanot and Michelle Sergent
Metabolic Engineering of Acremonium chrysogenum to Produce Deacetoxycephalosporin C and Bioconversion to 7-Aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic Acid
Marta Rodríguez-Sáiz, Juan-Luis de la Fuente, and José-Luis Barredo
Production of Erythromycin With Saccharopolyspora erythraea
Wolfgang Minas
The Phenylacetyl-CoA Catabolon: Genetic, Biochemical, and Biotechnological Approaches
José M. Luengo, Belén García, Ángel Sandoval, Elsa Arias-Barrau, Sagrario Arias, Francisco Bermejo, and Elías R. Olivera
Recombinant Microorganisms for the Biosynthesis of Glycosylated Antitumor Compounds
Carmen Méndez and José A. Salas
Assay Methods for Detection and Quantification of Antimicrobial Metabolites Produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus
Paloma Liras and Juan F. Martín
Purification of Plasmid DNA Vectors Produced in Escherichia coli for Gene Therapy and DNA Vaccination Applications
Maria Margarida Diogo, João António Queiroz, and Duarte Miguel F. Prazeres
Genome Breeding of an Amino Acid-Producing Corynebacterium glutamicum Mutant
Masato Ikeda, Junko Ohnishi, and Satoshi Mitsuhashi
Metabolic Activity Profiling by 13C Tracer Experiments and Mass Spectrometry in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Christoph Wittmann and Elmar Heinzle
Protein and Vitamin Production in Bacillus megaterium
Heiko Barg, Marco Malten, Martina Jahn, and Dieter Jahn
Strategies for Large-Scale Production of Recombinant Proteins in Filamentous Fungi
Heidi Sisniega, José-Luis del Río, María-José Amaya, and Ignacio Faus
Strain and Culture Conditions Improvement for b-Carotene Production With Mucor
Enrique A. Iturriaga, Tamás Papp, Jesper Breum, José Arnau, and Arturo P. Eslava
Xanthophylls in Fungi: Metabolic Engineering of the Astaxanthin Biosynthetic Pathway in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous
Hans Visser, Gerhard Sandmann, and Jan C. Verdoes
Methodologies for the Analysis of Fungal Carotenoids
Paul D. Fraser and Peter M. Bramley
Insertional Mutagenesis in the Vitamin B2 Producer Fungus Ashbya gossypii
María A. Santos, Laura Mateos, Karl-Peter Stahmann, and José-Luis Revuelta
Improved Polysaccharide Production Using Strain Improvement
Thomas P. West
Use of the Morganella morganii phoC Gene as Reporter in Bacterial and Yeast Hosts
Stefania Cresti, Cesira L. Galeotti, Serena Schippa, Gian Maria Rossolini, and Maria C. Thaller
Gene Expression Arrays in Food
Bart Weimer, Yi Xie, Lan-szu Chou, and Adele Cutler
Optimization of Proteome Analysis for Wine Yeast Strains
Tammi L. Olineka, Apostolos Spiropoulos, Paula A. Mara, and Linda F. Bisson
Bacteriocin-Producing Strains in a Meat Environment
Frédéric Leroy and Luc De Vuyst
In Vitro and In Vivo Interactions of Nonpathogenic Bacteria With Immunocompetent Cells
Eduardo J. Schiffrin, Nabila Ibnou-Zekri, Jean M. Ovigne, Thierry von der Weid, and Stephanie Blum
Volatile Sulfur Detection in Fermented Foods
Bart Weimer and Ben Dias
Bioleaching: Analysis of Microbial Communities Dissolving Metal Sulfides
Axel Schippers and Klaus Bosecker
Use of PhoN Phosphatase to Remediate Heavy Metals
Marion Paterson-Beedle and Lynne E. Macaskie
Safe Dispatch and Transport of Biological Material
Vera Weihs and Christine Rohde
How to Deposit Biological Material for Patent Purposes
Vera Weihs
Laws and Regulations for the Protection of Biotechnological Inventions
Uwe Fitzner
Index

Summary

The development of biotechnology over the last 20 years, and particularly the use of recombinant DNA techniques, has rapidly expanded the opportu- ties for human benefits from living resources. Efforts to reduce pollution, p- vent environmental damage, combat microbial infection, improve food production, and so on can each involve fermentation or the environmental - lease of microorganisms. Many products of fermentation technology, such as alcoholic beverages, bread, antibiotics, amino acids, vitamins, enzymes, and others, have been influenced by the progress of recombinant DNA techniques. The development of new products or the more efficient manufacturing of those already being produced often involve the use of microorganisms as cell fac- ries for many productions and biotransformations. Microbial Processes and Products is intended to provide practical expe- mental laboratory procedures for a wide range of processes and products me- ated by microorganisms. Although not an exhaustive treatise, it provides a detailed “step-by-step” description of the most recent developments in such applied biotechnological processes. The detailed protocols we provide are cross-referenced in the Notes section, contain critical details, lists of problems and their troubleshooting, as well as safety recommendations that may not n- mally appear in journal articles and can be particularly useful for those un- miliar with specific techniques.

Additional text

Microbial Processes and Products is the latest in the series Methods in Biotechnology™, some issues of which have been highly focused and widely relevant (such as Enzymes in Nonaqueous Solvents, Vulfson et al., 2001). This volume (and indeed the entire series) is targeted to the research community. Those researchers finding a relevant chapter in this text are likely to be rewarded. As the series title suggests, this is a 'methods' volume and the sections are packed with detailed protocols, tips and useful practical advice. The text is generally readable and the chapters are well referenced. -Don Cowan, University of the Western Cape

"...the sections are packed with detailed protocols, tips, and useful practical advice." - Microbiology Today

Product details

• Assisted by: José-Luis Barredo (Editor)
• Publisher: Springer, Berlin
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 17.04.2009
• EAN: 9781588295484
• ISBN: 978-1-58829-548-4
• No. of pages: 516
• Weight: 2 g
• Illustrations: 154 SW-Abb., 30 Duoton-Abb., 124 SW-Zeichn.
• Series: Methods in Biotechnology; Methods in Biotechnology
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Biology > General, dictionaries; B, microbiology, Biomedical and Life Sciences