From That to This

13.8 billion years ago, the Big Bang began the conception of life in the universe. 9.2 billion years after that, the first thermonuclear fusion in the heart of our sun was the birth of humanity itself.

From That to This is a journey through the evolution of elements, from the simple element of hydrogen to the last man-made element in the periodic table, oganesson. However, the whole spectrum of electromagnetic radiations has been practically unchanged since the Big Bang. As a matter of fact, the cosmic microwave background radiations from the time of the Big Bang still linger around the whole universe. From these radiations, astrophysicists can measure and calculate the authenticity of the Big Bang theory.

This book will take you through the creation of the atom bomb and its unimaginable destructive power. It will pass through the end of WWII, the time in which scientists came to their senses and dedicated the atomic industry to humanitarian efforts-?such as lighting up thousands of cities and saving millions of lives in the medical field. In the final chapter, there is an emphasis on some of the procedures done in departments of nuclear medicine in order to familiarize college students, the public, and patients who may need some clarification on these matters.

List of contents

CONTENTSPREFACE / 13

CHAPTER ONE / 17

• Mass Matters
• Five Revelations of Proving the Big bang Theory
• A Short Review of This Section
• Stellar Classificiation System
• Sizes of the Stars
• Our Galactic Address
• What is One Parsec?

CHAPTER TWO / 39

• Milky Way Galaxy
• Solar System
• Sun
• The Planets
• Formation of Earth
• The Earth’s Five Major Spheres

CHAPTER THREE / 59

• The Earth’s Atmosphere
• The Five Layers of the Earth’s Atmosphere
• Excess Greenhouse Gases, Global Warming, and the Ozone Hole

CHAPTER FOUR / 69

• Electromagnetic Radiation Spectrum
• The Seven Bands of EM Radiation
• Human’s Five Senses: Under the Umbrella of EM Radiation

CHAPTER FIVE / 85

• The Periodic Table of Elements
• What is an Element?
• What is an Isotope?
• History of the Atom

CHAPTER SIX / 93

• The Standard Model
• What is an Elementary Particle?
• Fermions
• Bosons
• Hadronization
• Different Types of Hadrons

CHAPTER SEVEN / 115

• Electron Configuration
• The Four Quantum Numbers
• The Three Principles/Rules

CHAPTER EIGHT / 131

• Stable Elements vs. Radioactive Elements
• The Optimal Ratio of Protons and Neutrons
• The Physical Half-Life
• Different Modes of Radioactive Decays

CHAPTER NINE / 147

• Fusion and Fission
• The History of Nuclear Fission
• Nuclear Reactor: Main Parts

CHAPTER TEN / 157

• The Nuclear Age
• Development of the Atom Bomb
• The United Nations Charter
• The Use of EM Radiation in Medical Fields
• Department of Radiology
• Use of Non-Ionizing Radiation
• Use of Ionizing Radiation

CHAPTER ELEVEN / 167

• Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures
• Modalities Using Non-Ionizing Radiation
• MRI Machine Parts

CHAPTER TWELVE / 175

• Modalities Using Ionizing Radiation
• X-Ray and CT
• X-Ray Machine Parts
• How an X-Ray Machine Works

CHAPTER THIRTEEN / 181

• Nuclear Medicine and PET Scanning
• A Short Overview of Nuclear Medicine History
• Nuclear Medicine Instruments
• The Survey Meters
• The Radioisotope Dose Calibrator
• The Gamma Camera

CHAPTER FOURTEEN / 195

• Radiopharmaceuticals
• Nuclear Medicine and PET Procedures
• The Radioisotopes Used in Nuclear Medicine

CHAPTER FIFTEEN / 205

• I-131 Thyroid Imaging and Therapy
• Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism

CHAPTER SIXTEEN / 213

• Frequently Done Nuclear Medicine Procedures
• Radiopharmaceutical Preparation

CHAPTER SEVENTEEN / 217

• Cardiac Tests
• Anginas
• Myocardial Perfusion Scans

CHAPTER EIGHTEEN / 227

• Liver Scan and HIDA Scan
• V/Q Lung Scan
• Bone Scan
• Brain Scan
• Renal Scan
• PET Scan

CHAPTER NINETEEN / 237

• Nuclear Regulatory Commission
• Occupational Radiation Exposures
• Use of Radioactive Materials and Radiation in Other Industries

EPILOGUE / 243

INDEX OF FIGURES / 245
A NOTE FROM THE AUTHOR / 247

About the author

Namat Saidi, a resilient individual shaped by the experiences of immigration and hard work, emerged from humble beginnings in Iran to become an inspiring figure. Arriving in the United States at the age of twenty-four, Namat initially found employment at a gas station, providing various services to patrons, albeit with some language challenges. A humorous incident involving a language barrier led to his short-lived tenure, but it marked the beginning of his American journey.
Soon after, Namat embarked on a different path, finding work as a dishwasher at Copper Skillet, a bustling restaurant on Sunset Boulevard. Immersed in the rhythm of kitchen chores, he navigated the challenges quietly, laying the foundation for his future endeavors. Reflecting on his journey, Namat acknowledges the twists and turns that have shaped his life, emphasizing the importance of perseverance and seizing opportunities. From moments of frustration to the realization that life offers unique opportunities, Namat's story is one of resilience and determination.
Today, he stands as a testament to the transformative power of hard work and the pursuit of one's dreams, offering a valuable perspective for those navigating their own paths.

Summary

13.8 billion years ago, the Big Bang began the conception of life in the universe. 9.2 billion years after that, the first thermonuclear fusion in the heart of our sun was the birth of humanity itself.

From That to This is a journey through the evolution of elements, from the simple element of hydrogen to the last man-made element in the periodic table, oganesson. However, the whole spectrum of electromagnetic radiations has been practically unchanged since the Big Bang. As a matter of fact, the cosmic microwave background radiations from the time of the Big Bang still linger around the whole universe. From these radiations, astrophysicists can measure and calculate the authenticity of the Big Bang theory.

This book will take you through the creation of the atom bomb and its unimaginable destructive power. It will pass through the end of WWII, the time in which scientists came to their senses and dedicated the atomic industry to humanitarian efforts––such as lighting up thousands of cities and saving millions of lives in the medical field. In the final chapter, there is an emphasis on some of the procedures done in departments of nuclear medicine in order to familiarize college students, the public, and patients who may need some clarification on these matters.

Product details

• Authors: Nemat Saidi Lavasani, Namat Saidi
• Publisher: Ingram Publishers Services
• Languages: English
• Product format: Paperback / Softback
• Released: 09.02.2023
• EAN: 9781955690287
• ISBN: 978-1-955690-28-7
• No. of pages: 252
• Subjects: Humanities, art, music > Education > School education, didactics, methodology; Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Biology > Genetics, genetic engineering; SCIENCE / Physics / Optics & Light, SCIENCE / Space Science / General