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Informationen zum Autor Sten Grillner is Distinguished Professor at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden and previous head of the Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology. Klappentext "A complete and authoritative of the neural control of movement in animals ranging from lampreys to humans, including the roles of the cortex and basal ganglia, and will also cover motor disorders"-- Zusammenfassung An evolutionary perspective—from lampreys to humans—on how the forebrain coordinates movement while the networks in the brainstem and spinal cord handle the execution. All living creatures interact with their environment: even the most basic have a set of innate motor circuits they rely on to feed, locomote, fight, and flee. In The Brain in Motion , Sten Grillner describes the evolution of the motor repertoire of vertebrates, from protovertebrates to primates. With breadth and depth, Grillner explores how the brain uses the different microcircuits in the brainstem and spinal cord, coordinating them through commands from the forebrain. He also considers the normal function of the brain as a platform for understanding clinical conditions such as stroke, Parkinson´s and Huntington´s diseases, and spinal cord injury. Grillner also explains in The Brain in Motion how the remarkable finding that the lamprey forebrain has all the components of the mammalian one has radically changed scientists’ views on the evolutionary origin of the vertebrate forebrain. We now know that the basic organization evolved 560 rather than 300 million years ago, as was previously thought. The forebrain, says Grillner, is like an orchestra conductor, while the microcircuits, with their reaching, grasping, posture, locomotion, and numerous other patterns of behavior, correspond to the members of the orchestra. The conductor determines when each will be called into action. Providing an elegantly integrated perspective, The Brain in Motion is essential reading for anybody that works professionally with movement control and function and dysfunction, whether in basic research, clinically, or in the training of motor skills. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface ix 1 THE VERTEBRATE MOTOR REPERTOIRE AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE BRAIN 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Vertebrate Motor Behavior from Lamprey to Humans: Overview in an Evolutionary Perspective 3 1.3 The Basic Building Blocks of Behavior: Motor Programs and Their Selection—Overview 21 1.4 The Blueprint of the Vertebrate Motor System Is 500 Million Years Old 27 2 EXECUTION OF MOVEMENT: A PALETTE OF CPGS AND MOTOR CENTERS FROM MIDBRAIN TO SPINAL CORD 39 2.1 Introduction 39 2.2 CPG Networks Producing Locomotor, Respiratory, and Chewing Movements and Related Behaviors 40 2.3 A Brainstem Center for Coordination of Reaching and Grasping Movements in the Lateral Reticular Medulla 66 2.4 The PAG Channels Commands from the Hypothalamus and Amygdala 71 2.5 Integration of Innate Motor Programs in Daily Life: Skilled Aspects of the Control of Motion 78 2.6 Conclusion 80con 3 THE VERTEBRATE SOLUTION FOR ACTION IN THE EGOCENTRIC SPACE: MULTISENSORY INTEGRATION IN THE TECTUM/SUPERIOR COLLICULUS 81 3.1 Introduction 81 3.2 Multisensory Representation of the Surrounding Space in the Tectum/SC 82 3.3 Tectum/SC Control of Eye, Orienting, and Evasive Movements 89 3.4 Conclusion 96 4 THE ROLES OF THE BASAL GANGLIA: FOR INITIATION OF MOVEMENT AND MOTOR LEARNING 97 4.1 Overview: The Relation between the Cortex and the Basal Ganglia 97 4.2 Basal Ganglia: Organization 101 4.3 Synaptic Interaction within the Striatum 117 4.4 Integrated Function of the Basal Ganglia 127 4.5 Dysfunction of the Basal Ganglia: Parkinson’s and Huntington’s Diseases and Other Conditions 143 4.6 The Contribution of the Basal Ganglia to the Selection of Action and the...
