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Electronic state of every solid is basically classified into two categories according to its electrical responses: insulator or metal. A textbook of modern solid state physics explains that shape of a Fermi surface plays a key role in most physical properties in metals. One of the well-established experimental methods to detect a Fermi surface is measurement of quantum oscillations that is a periodic response of physical quantities with respect to external magnetic fields. As insulators do not host Fermi surface, it is believed that they do not exhibit any quantum oscillations.
This book presents a comprehensive review of recent observations of quantum oscillations in the Kondo insulators, SmB6 and YbB12, and discusses how the observations are demonstrated by a newly proposed mechanism where emergent charge-neutral fermions exhibit quantum oscillations instead of bare electrons. It also focuses on topological properties of Kondo insulators, and demonstrates that YbB12 hosts asurface metallic conduction owing to its non-trivial band structure. Further it presents the experiments of specific heat and thermal conductivity in YbB12 down to ultra-low temperature to discuss the possible low-energy excitations from a Fermi surface of neutral fermions. The demonstrated gapless and itinerant fermionic excitations, that is the significant contribution from charge neutral fermions, violates Wiedemann-Franz law. The discoveries point out a highly unconventional phase of quantum state-electrically insulating but thermally metallic-realized in the bulk of topological Kondo insulators.
List of contents
Introduction.- Quantum Oscillations in SmB6.- Unconventional Quantum Oscillations in YbB12.- Charge-Neutral Fermions in YbB12.- Conclusion.
About the author
Yuki Sato is an experimentalist in condensed matter physics at the RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) in Japan. He started his graduate research in the group led by Prof. Yuji Matsuda at Kyoto University in 2016 and was awarded a research fellowship (DC1) by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) in 2018-2021. He was a short term visiting scholar at the University of California, Berkeley in 2018 with the aid of overseas challenging program by JSPS. He received his Ph.D. in Science from Kyoto University in 2021. During his doctoral program, he studied wide variety of subjects in condensed matters experiments, including high-Tc superconductors, quantum spin liquids and topological Kondo insulators. His experimental work is mainly concerned with precise evaluation of electrical and thermodynamic properties such as thermal conductivity, specific heat and magnetic torque in an extraordinal environments of ultralow temperatures and intense magnetic fields.
