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This highly anticipated update of the acclaimed textbook draws on the latest research to give students the knowledge and tools to explore the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens cause infections in humans and animals. Written in an approachable and engaging style, the book uses illustrative examples and thought-provoking exercises to inspire students with the potential excitement and fun of scientific discovery.
Completely revised and updated, and for the first time in stunning full-color, Bacterial Pathogenesis: A Molecular Approach, Fourth Edition, builds on the core principles and foundations of its predecessors while expanding into new concepts, key findings, and cutting-edge research, including new developments in the areas of the microbiome and CRISPR as well as the growing challenges of antimicrobial resistance. All-new detailed illustrations help students clearly understand important concepts and mechanisms of the complex interplay between bacterial pathogens and their hosts. Study questions at the end of each chapter challenge students to delve more deeply into the topics covered, and hone their skills in reading, interpreting, and analyzing data, as well as devising their own experiments. A detailed glossary defines and expands on key terms highlighted throughout the book. Written for advanced undergraduate, graduate, and professional students in microbiology, bacteriology, and pathogenesis, this text is a must-have for anyone looking for a greater understanding of virulence mechanisms across the breadth of bacterial pathogens.
List of contents
Preface xvii
In Memoriam xix
About the Authors xxi
Chapter 1 The Power of Bacteria 2
Why Are Bacteria So Much in the Public Health Spotlight Nowadays? 3
Bacteria, a Formidable Ancient Life Form 4
Pressing Current Infectious Disease Issues 6
Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases 6
Foodborne and Waterborne Infections 7
Modern Medicine as a Source of New Diseases 8
Postsurgical and Other Wound Infections 9
Bioterrorism 10
A New Respect for Prevention 10
Surveillance: An Early Warning System 11
Making Hospitals Safe for Patients 12
And Now for Some Good News: You've Got a Bacterial Infection! 12
The Helicobacter pylori Revolution 12
The Aftermath 13
Microbiota Shift Diseases 13
A Brave New World of Pathogenesis Research 14
The New Age of Genomics 16
Insights into Pathogen Evolution 17
Modeling the Host-Pathogen Interaction in Experimental Animals 17
Correlation Studies 18
Selected Readings 18
Questions 20
Chapter 2 Skin and Mucosa: The First Lines of Defense against Bacterial Infections 22
The Best Defense: Avoid, Reduce, and Prevent Exposure! 23
Barriers: Skin and Mucosal Membranes 24
The Layers of Cells That Protect the Body 24
Normal Microbiota of the Skin and Mucosa 27
Defenses of the Skin 31
Defenses of Mucosal Surfaces 32
Special Defenses of the Gastrointestinal Tract 34
Special Defenses of the Urogenital Tract 36
Special Defenses of the Respiratory Tract 36
Immune Defenses of the Skin and Mucosa 37
Models for Studying Breaches of Barrier Defenses 38
Selected Readings 39
Questions 39
Chapter 3 The Innate Immune System: Always on Guard 40
Triggering Innate Immune Defenses 41
Innate Immune Cells That Defend Blood and Tissue 42
Neutrophils (PMNs) 42
Monocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells (DCs) 42
Granulocytes: Basophils, Mast Cells, and Eosinophils 47
Transmigration--How Do Phagocytes Know When and Where to Go? 47
Natural Killer (NK) Cells 48
The Lymphatic System 50
How Phagocytes Recognize and Respond to Bacteria 50
How Phagocytes Kill Bacteria 54
Oxidative Burst in Phagolysosomes 54
Autophagy--Another Pathway for the Killing of Intracellular Pathogens 56
The Complement Cascade 57
Complement Proteins 57
Overview of Complement Pathways and Their Function 58
Steps in Complement Activation 60
Controlling Complement Activation 62
Cytokines and Chemokines--Mediators of Immune Responses 63
Roles of Cytokines and Chemokines in Directing Innate Immune Responses 63
Inflammation and Collateral Damage 65
Septic Shock: The Dark Side of the Innate Defenses 66
Other Innate Defenses of the Body--Nutritional Immunity 69
Selected Readings 70
Questions 70
Chapter 4 The Adaptive Defenses: Antibodies and Cytotoxic T Cells 72
The Specialists: Adapting to a Particular Pathogen Challenge 73
B Cells: Producers of Antibodies 74
The Humoral (Antibody) Immune Response 74
Characteristics of Antibodies and Their Diverse Roles in Preventing Infection 74
Serum Antibodies 76
Secretory Antibodies: Antibodies That Protect Mucosal Surfaces 78
Pathogen and Toxin Neutralization by Antibodies 79
Affinity and Avidity 80
About the author
Brenda A. Wilson, Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois.
Malcolm E. Winkler, Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.
Brian T. Ho, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
