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Informationen zum Autor John Crocker is the editor of Molecular Biology in Cellular Pathology, published by Wiley. Paul G. Murray is the editor of Molecular Biology in Cellular Pathology, published by Wiley. Klappentext Molecular biology has had a major impact on the practice of pathology in recent years and this continues with the new approaches being developed in genomics and proteomics. Knowledge of the molecular organization of the cell has led to the development of powerful new techniques which bring greater accuracy and objectivity to the diagnosis, prognosis and management of many diseases, and to the study of pathological states. This book is a completely revised and updated version of the popular Molecular Biology in Histopathology, with added material covering the latest methodologies and now featuring colour plates. It describes the molecular techniques available and provides an overview of how they can be applied.It is aimed at histopathologists in training, clinicians and biologists studying for post-graduate qualifications and will also be of interest to biochemists, physiologists, pharmacologists and biotechnologists, in academia, clinical medicine and industry. Zusammenfassung This work describes molecular techniques available for the analysis of diseases. In particular it includes techniques using fluorescent dyes, DNA microarrays, protein chemistry, and mass spectrometry. It also incorporates information from the Human Genome Project. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xiii Preface to Molecular Biology in Histopathology xv List of Contributors xvii 1 Blotting Techniques: Methodology and Applications 1 Fiona Watson and C. Simon Herrington 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Blotting techniques 1 1.3 References 15 2 In-situ Hybridisation in Histopathology 19 Gerald Niedobitek and Hermann Herbst 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Experimental conditions 20 2.3 Probes and labels 23 2.4 Controls and pitfalls 27 2.5 Double-labelling 29 2.6 Increasing the sensitivity of ISH 31 2.7 What we do in our laboratories 33 2.8 Applications of ISH: examples 35 2.9 Perspective 39 2.10 References 40 3 DNA Flow Cytometry 49 M.G. Ormerod 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 Definitions and terms 49 3.3 Dye used for DNA analysis 50 3.4 Sample preparation for DNA analysis 52 3.5 Analysis of the DNA histogram 53 3.6 Quality control 53 3.7 Computer analysis of the DNA histogram 55 3.8 Multiparametric measurement 57 3.9 Acknowledgements 59 3.10 References 59 4 Interphase Cytogenetics 61 Sara A. Dyer and Jonathan J. Waters 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 Interphase cytogenetics 62 4.3 Applications 67 4.4 Conclusion 76 4.5 References 77 5 Oncogenes 79 Fiona Macdonald 5.1 Introduction 79 5.2 Identification of the oncogenes 79 5.3 Functions of the proto-oncogenes 80 5.4 Mechanism of oncogene activation 89 5.5 Oncogenes in colorectal cancer 91 5.6 Oncogenes in breast cancer 94 5.7 Oncogenes in lung cancer 95 5.8 Oncogenes in haematological malignancies 96 5.9 Other cancers 99 5.10 Conclusion 100 5.11 References 100 6 Molecular and Immunological Aspects of Cell Proliferation 105 Karl Baumforth and John Crocker 6.1 The cell cycle and its importance in clinical pathology 105 6.2 Molecular control of the cell cycle 108 6.3 Cell cycle control 111 6.4 The cell cycle and cancer 112 6.5 Immunocytochemical markers of proliferating cells 115 6.6 References 133 6.7 Further Reading 135 7 Interphase Nucleolar Organiser Regions in Tumour Pathology 137 Ma...
List of contents
Preface
Preface to Molecular Biology in Histopathology
Contributors
BLOTTING TECHNIQUES: METHODOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS
Introduction
Blotting techniques
References
IN SITU HYBRIDISATION IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
Introduction
Experimental conditions
Probes and labels
Controls and pitfalls
Double-labelling
Increasing the sensitivity of ISH
What we do in our laboratories
Applications of ISH: examples
Perspective
References
DNA FLOW CYTOMETRY
Introduction
Definitions and terms
Dye used for DNA analysis
Sample preparation for DNA analysis
Analysis of the DNA histogram
Quality control
Computer analysis of the DNA histogram
Multiparametric measurement
Acknowledgements
References
INTERPHASE CYTOGENICS
Introduction
Interphase cytogenics
Applications
Conclusion
References
ONCOGENES
Introduction
Identification of the oncogenes
Functions of the oncogenes
Mechanism of oncogene activation
Oncogenes in colorectal cancer
Oncogenes in breast cancer
Oncogenes in lung cancer
Oncogenes in haematological malignancies
Other cancers
Conclusion
References
MOLECULAR AND IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CELL PROLIFERATION
The cell cycle and its importance in clinical pathology
Molecular control of the cell cycle
Cell cycle control
The cell cycle and cancer
Immunocytochemical markers of proliferating cells
References
Further reading
INTERPHASE NUCLEOLAR ORGANISER REGIONS IN TUMOUR PATHOLOGY
Introduction
The AgNORs
NOR silver-staining
Quantitative AgNOR analysis
AgNORs as a parameter of the level of cell proliferation
Application of the AgNOR technique to tumour pathology
What future for AGNORs in tumour pathology
References
APOPTOSIS AND CELL SENESCENCE
Introduction
Apoptosis
Cell senescence
Summary
References
THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
Introduction
Principles
Analysis of products
RT-PCR
Quantitative PCR
DNA and RNA extraction
Correlation of the PCR with morphology
Problems
Applications
Diagnostic applications
Infectious diseases
Identity
The future
References
Online information
LASER CAPTURE MICRODISSECTION: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS IN THE MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF THE CANCER CELL
Introduction
The principle of LCM
Technical considerations
Advantages and disadvantages of LCM
Applications of LCM
Future perspectives
Acknowledgements
References
THE IN SITU POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
Introduction
Overview of the methodology
In-cell PCR technologies
In-cell amplification of DNA
In-cell amplification of RNA
References
TAQMAN(R) TECHNOLOGY AND REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
Introduction
Probe technologies
TaqMan(r) probe and chemistry
TaqMan(r) PCR conditions
Interpretation of results
Relative q
