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"We often hear that our world "is more multilingual than ever before," but is it true? This book shatters that clichâe. It is the first volume to shine the light on the millennia-long history of multilingualism as a social, institutional, and demographic phenomenon. Its fifteen chapters, written in clear, accessible language by prominent historians, classicists, and sociolinguists, span the period from the third century BC to the present day, and range from ancient Rome and Egypt to medieval London and Jerusalem, from Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian empires to modern Norway, Ukraine, and Spain. Going against the grain of traditional language histories, these thought-provoking case studies challenge stereotypical beliefs, foreground historic normativity of institutional multilingualism and language mixing, examine the transformation of polyglot societies into monolingual ones, and bring out the cognitive and affective dissonance in present-day orientations to multilingualism, where "celebrations of linguistic diversity" coexist uneasily with the creation of "language police."--
List of contents
1. Multilingualism and historic amnesia: an introduction Aneta Pavlenko; 2. Greek meets Egyptian at the temple gate: bilingual papyri from Hellenistic and Roman Egypt (third century BCE - fourth century CE) Anastasia Maravela; 3. Language shift, attitudes, and management in the Roman West Alex Mullen; 4. Languages at war: military interpreters in antiquity and the modern world Rachel Mairs; 5. How multilingualism came to be ignored in the history of Standard English Laura Wright; 6. Multilingualism and the attitude toward French in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem Jonathan Rubin; 7. Why colonial Dutch failed to become a global lingua franca Roland Willemyns; 8. How unique was Russia's multilingual elite? Gesine Argent; 9. Language ideology and observation: nineteenth-century scholars in northwestern Siberia Susan Gal; 10 Studying historical multilingualism in everyday life: the case of the Habsburg Monarchy in the nineteenth century Jan Fellerer; 11 Multilingualism and the end of the Ottoman Empire: language, script, and the quest for the 'modern' Benjamin Fortna; 12. 'Multilingualism is now a must': discourses on languages and international cooperation at the Council of Europe Zorana Sokolovska; 13. The presence of the past in language revitalization Pia Lane; 14. Historic reenactments in contemporary Spain: fiestas de moros y cristianos Yasmine Beale-Rivaya; 15. Multilingual ghost signs: dissonant languages in the landscape of memory Aneta Pavlenko.
About the author
Aneta Pavlenko is Research Professor at the Center for Multilingualism at the University of Oslo. She is Past President of the American Association for Applied Linguistics and winner of the 2006 BAAL Book of the Year award, 2009 TESOL Award for Distinguished Research and the 2021 AAAL Research article award.
Summary
This book is the first text dedicated to the history of multilingual societies. Written in clear, accessible language by prominent scholars, it take us on a fascinating journey from ancient Rome and Egypt to medieval London and Jerusalem, from Russian, Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires to modern Norway, Ukraine, and Spain.
Foreword
Shattering the cliché 'our world is more multilingual than ever before', this book offers the first comprehensive history of our multilingual past.
