Hazardous Materials Medicine - Treating the Chemically Injured Patient

Hazardous Materials Medicine
 
Complete background on chemical exposures that create illnesses, including assessment, diagnosis, and treatment protocols
 
Written on a level that can be understood by field practitioners and/or first responders, Hazardous Materials Medicine: Treating the Chemically Injured Patient provides an in-depth understanding of how to diagnose and treat toxic chemical exposures in a prehospital or emergency department setting.
 
The protocols used in this book conform to the guidelines set forth in the NFPA 470 standard, and the medical guidance developed by FEMA for Type I, II & III Deployable Hazmat Response Teams. The hazardous materials medical protocols in this book have been fully vetted by three poison control toxicologists, multiple emergency physicians, and paramedics.
 
Hazardous Materials Medicine: Treating the Chemically Injured Patient covers sample topics such as:
* Scene assessment, to help determine the cause of the exposure, and exposure assessment, to determine what physiologic systems are affected
* Toxic syndromes/toxidromes to appropriately treat the exposed patient, including corrosive and irritant, asphyxiant, cholinergic, and hydrocarbon and derivative toxidromes
* Science behind a chemical exposure, to allow for a complete understanding of both the chemistry and physiology of what is occurring because of the exposure
* Interfacing between the on-scene response team and the hospital, to ensure consistency and continuity of care from the field into the hospital
 
Enabling public safety and health professionals to administer effective care while retaining their own personal safety, Hazardous Materials Medicine: Treating the Chemically Injured Patient is a must-have resource for emergency medical technicians, paramedics, hazmat technicians, and emergency physicians and nurses working in high-risk field situations with chemically injured patients.

List of contents

Author Biographies and Acknowledgments xvii
 
Foreword xxi
 
Preface xxiii
 
1 HazMat Medicine and the HazMat Medic 1
 
Introduction 1
 
Case Study - Sarin Attack in the Tokyo Subway 3
 
History 4
 
Events 7
 
Situational Assessment Continuum 8
 
Patient Presentation 9
 
Event Conditions (Scene Evaluation and Size- up) 9
 
Scene Assessment (Hazard Identification) 9
 
Summary 10
 
2 Exposures 11
 
Introduction 11
 
Case Study - Derailment in South Carolina, a No- Notice Evacuation Event 11
 
Patient Presentation 12
 
The Toxidrome Exam 14
 
Respiratory System 14
 
Overview 14
 
Respiratory System Anatomy and Physiology 16
 
External Respiratory System 16
 
Internal Respiratory System 19
 
Chemical and Physical Form of Respiratory Exposure 22
 
Gases, Vapors, and Fumes 22
 
Solid Particles 22
 
Aerosols/Mists 23
 
Concentration and Duration 23
 
Types of Injuries Resulting from Chemical Exposure 23
 
Chemically Induced Bronchiole Constriction 23
 
Atelectasis and Disruption of Surfactant 24
 
Chemically Induced Pulmonary Edema (Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema) 25
 
Chemical Sensitivity 26
 
Types of Chemicals that Injure the Respiratory System 26
 
Asphyxiants 26
 
Simple Asphyxiants 26
 
Chemical Asphyxiants 27
 
Irritants (Corrosives) 27
 
Respiratory System Injury Recognition (Assessment) and Diagnostics 27
 
Pulse Oximetry 27
 
Specific Oximetry Considerations When Assessing HazMat Exposures 28
 
Capnography 29
 
Masimo(TM)/Rainbow Technology 32
 
Cardiovascular Abnormalities Related to Exposure 33
 
Description 33
 
Vasogenic Shock 33
 
Hypovolemic Shock 33
 
Heart Failure 34
 
Neurological Abnormalities Related to Exposure 34
 
Central Nervous System (CNS) Exposure 34
 
CNS Depression 34
 
CNS Stimulation 35
 
Parasympathetic Nervous System 35
 
Parasympathetic Stimulation 35
 
Parasympathetic Depression 36
 
Integumentary System (Skin) 36
 
Skin Anatomy and Physiology 36
 
Structure 37
 
Function 38
 
Types of Chemical Injuries to the Skin 38
 
Chemical- Related Irritation 38
 
Chemical Skin Burns 39
 
Ocular Exposure and Injury 41
 
Eye Anatomy and Physiology 42
 
The Globe 42
 
The Ocular Surface 42
 
Assessment of Eye Injury After Exposure 43
 
Normal Eye Assessment 44
 
Chemical Eye Burns 45
 
Surface Toxins 46
 
Treatment of Eye Exposure 48
 
Specialized Eye Equipment 49
 
The Morgan Lens 49
 
Nasal Cannula for Eye Irrigation 51
 
Gastrointestinal Exposure to Toxic Materials 51
 
Absorbing Chemicals and Nutrients 51
 
Liver 51
 
Phase I and II Detoxification 52
 
Environmental Exposures 53
 
The Hot Environment - Hydration and Hyperthermia 53
 
Physiology 54
 
Absorption of Water 55
 
Acclimation 57
 
Metabolic Thermoregulation 58
 
Determining Severity of Heat 60
 
Effects of Heat in an Encapsulated Suit 60
 
Factors Contributing to Heat Emergencies/Injuries 62
 
Treatment 63
 
The Cold Environment 64
 
Exposure to Liquefied Gas and Cryogenics 64
 
Frostbite Injuries 65
 
Assessment 66
 
Treatment 67
 
Summary 67<

About the author

Richard Stilp MA, RN started his career in the fire service in 1976 and has worked in many positions in the fire service including firefighter/paramedic, engineer, lieutenant, district chief, and fire chief. During his career he served as a paramedic program chair for a local college, emergency department registered nurse, executive director of the fire academy, worked in administration for a large hospital system. Armando Bevelacqua is a 38 year veteran of the fire service, writes free-lance, publishing articles, instructional materials and educational textbooks in the field of hazmat response. Has served during the course of his career as a firefighter-paramedic, HazMat technician, High Angle rescue, below grade rescue, Dive rescue, chief officer and flight medic.

Summary

Hazardous Materials Medicine

Complete background on chemical exposures that create illnesses, including assessment, diagnosis, and treatment protocols

Written on a level that can be understood by field practitioners and/or first responders, Hazardous Materials Medicine: Treating the Chemically Injured Patient provides an in-depth understanding of how to diagnose and treat toxic chemical exposures in a prehospital or emergency department setting.

The protocols used in this book conform to the guidelines set forth in the NFPA 470 standard, and the medical guidance developed by FEMA for Type I, II & III Deployable Hazmat Response Teams. The hazardous materials medical protocols in this book have been fully vetted by three poison control toxicologists, multiple emergency physicians, and paramedics.

Hazardous Materials Medicine: Treating the Chemically Injured Patient covers sample topics such as:
* Scene assessment, to help determine the cause of the exposure, and exposure assessment, to determine what physiologic systems are affected
* Toxic syndromes/toxidromes to appropriately treat the exposed patient, including corrosive and irritant, asphyxiant, cholinergic, and hydrocarbon and derivative toxidromes
* Science behind a chemical exposure, to allow for a complete understanding of both the chemistry and physiology of what is occurring because of the exposure
* Interfacing between the on-scene response team and the hospital, to ensure consistency and continuity of care from the field into the hospital

Enabling public safety and health professionals to administer effective care while retaining their own personal safety, Hazardous Materials Medicine: Treating the Chemically Injured Patient is a must-have resource for emergency medical technicians, paramedics, hazmat technicians, and emergency physicians and nurses working in high-risk field situations with chemically injured patients.

Product details

• Authors: Armando Bevelacqua, Bevelacqua Armando, Stilp, Richard Stilp, Richard Bevelacqua Stilp
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 01.04.2023
• EAN: 9781119663928
• ISBN: 978-1-119-66392-8
• No. of pages: 368
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Chemistry; Chemie, Arbeitssicherheit, Katastrophenschutz, Medizin, Notfallmedizin, Sicherheitsmanagement, chemistry, security management, Chemical and Environmental Health and Safety, Arbeitssicherheit u. Umweltschutz i. d. Chemie, Medical Science, Notfallmedizin u. Traumatologie, Emergency Medicine & Trauma, Emergency Management