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Inducible defenses--those often dramatic phenotypic shifts in prey activated by biological agents ranging from predators to pathogens--are widespread in the natural world. Yet research on the inducible defenses used by vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants in terrestrial, marine, and freshwater habitats has largely developed along independent lines. Ralph Tollrian and Drew Harvell seek to change that here. By bringing together leading researchers from all fields to review common themes and explore emerging ideas, this book represents the most current and comprehensive survey of knowledge about the ecology and evolution of inducible defenses.
Contributors examine organisms as different as unicellular algae and higher vertebrates, and consider defenses ranging from immune systems to protective changes in morphology, behavior, chemistry, and life history. The authors of the review chapters, case studies, and theoretical studies pinpoint unifying factors favoring the evolution of inducible defenses. Throughout, the volume emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach, integrating applied and theoretical ecology, evolution, genetics, and chemistry. In addition, Harvell and Tollrian provide an introduction and a conclusion that review the current state of knowledge in the field and identify areas for future research.
The contributors, in addition to the editors, are May Berenbaum, Arthur Zangerl, Johannes Järemo, Juha Tuomi, Patric Nilsson, Anurag Agrawal, Richard Karban, Marcel Dicke, Ellen Van Donk, Miquel Lürling, Winfried Lampert, Simon Frost, John Gilbert, Hans-Werner Kuhlmann, Jürgen Kusch, Klaus Heckmann, Luc De Meester, Piotr Dawidowicz, Erik van Gool, Carsten Loose, Stanley Dodson, Christer Brönmark, Lars Pettersson, Anders Nilsson, Bradley Anholt, Earl Werner, Curtis Lively, Frederick Adler, Daniel Grünbaum, and Wilfried Gabriel.
List of contents
| Acknowledgments | |
| List of Contributors | |
| Why Inducible Defenses? | 3 |
| 1 | Coping with Life as a Menu Option: Inducible Defenses of the Wild Parsnip | 10 |
| 2 | Adaptive Status of Localized and Systemic Defense Responses in Plants | 33 |
| 3 | Why Induced Defenses May Be Favored over Constitutive Strategies in Plants | 45 |
| 4 | Evolution of Induced Indirect Defense of Plants | 62 |
| 5 | Consumer-Induced Changes in Phytoplankton: Inducibility, Costs, Benefits, and the Impact on Grazers | 89 |
| 6 | The Immune System as an Inducible Defense | 104 |
| 7 | Kairomone-Induced Morphological Defenses in Rotifers | 127 |
| 8 | Predator-Induced Defenses in Ciliated Protozoa | 142 |
| 9 | Ecology and Evolution of Predator-Induced Behavior of Zooplankton: Depth Selection Behavior and Diel Vertical Migration | 160 |
| 10 | Inducible Defenses in Cladocera: Constraints, Costs, and Multipredator Environments | 177 |
| 11 | Predator-Induced Defense in Crucian Carp | 203 |
| 12 | Density-Dependent Consequences of Induced Behavior | 218 |
| 13 | Complex Biotic Environments, Coloniality, and Heritable Variation for Inducible Defenses | 231 |
| 14 | Developmental Strategies in Spatially Variable Environments: Barnacle Shell Dimorphism and Strategic Models of Selection | 245 |
| 15 | Evolution of Forager Responses to Inducible Defenses | 259 |
| 16 | Evolution of Reversible Plastic Responses: Inducible Defenses and Environmental Tolerance | 286 |
| 17 | The Evolution of Inducible Defenses: Current Ideas | 306 |
| References | 323 |
| Index | 377 |
About the author
Ralph Tollrian is Assistant Professor of Ecology at the Zoological Institute at Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich.
C. Drew Harvell is Associate Professor in the Section of Ecology and Systematics at Cornell University.
Summary
Inducible defenses--those often dramatic phenotypic shifts in prey activated by biological agents ranging from predators to pathogens--are widespread in the natural world. Yet research on the inducible defenses used by vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants in terrestrial, marine, and freshwater habitats has largely developed along independent lines. Ralph Tollrian and Drew Harvell seek to change that here. By bringing together leading researchers from all fields to review common themes and explore emerging ideas, this book represents the most current and comprehensive survey of knowledge about the ecology and evolution of inducible defenses.
Contributors examine organisms as different as unicellular algae and higher vertebrates, and consider defenses ranging from immune systems to protective changes in morphology, behavior, chemistry, and life history. The authors of the review chapters, case studies, and theoretical studies pinpoint unifying factors favoring the evolution of inducible defenses. Throughout, the volume emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach, integrating applied and theoretical ecology, evolution, genetics, and chemistry. In addition, Harvell and Tollrian provide an introduction and a conclusion that review the current state of knowledge in the field and identify areas for future research.
The contributors, in addition to the editors, are May Berenbaum, Arthur Zangerl, Johannes Järemo, Juha Tuomi, Patric Nilsson, Anurag Agrawal, Richard Karban, Marcel Dicke, Ellen Van Donk, Miquel Lürling, Winfried Lampert, Simon Frost, John Gilbert, Hans-Werner Kuhlmann, Jürgen Kusch, Klaus Heckmann, Luc De Meester, Piotr Dawidowicz, Erik van Gool, Carsten Loose, Stanley Dodson, Christer Brönmark, Lars Pettersson, Anders Nilsson, Bradley Anholt, Earl Werner, Curtis Lively, Frederick Adler, Daniel Grünbaum, and Wilfried Gabriel.
Additional text
"The editors have done an excellent job of drawing together a collection of authors representing a wide range of disciplines."—Mark D. Rausher, Duke University
