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A valuable learning tool as well as a reference, this book provides students and researchers in surface science and nanoscience with the theoretical crystallographic foundations, which are necessary to understand local structure and symmetry of bulk crystals, including ideal and real single crystal surfaces. The author deals with the subject at an introductory level, providing numerous graphic examples to illustrate the mathematical formalism. The book brings together and logically connects many seemingly disparate structural issues and notations used frequently by surface scientists and nanoscientists. Numerous exercises of varying difficulty, ranging from simple questions to small research projects, are included to stimulate discussions about the different subjects.
From the contents:
Bulk Crystals, Three-Dimensional Lattices
- Crystal Layers, Two-Dimensional Lattices, Symmetry
- Ideal Single Crystal Surfaces
- Real Crystal Surfaces
- Adsorbate layers
- Interference Lattices
- Chiral Surfaces
- Experimental Analysis of Real Crystal Surfaces
- Nanoparticles and Crystallites
- Quasicrystals
- Nanotubes
List of contents
1. Introduction
2. Bulk Crystals: Three-Dimensional Lattices
2.1. Basic Definition
2.2. Representation of Bulk Crystals
2.3. Periodicity Cells of Lattices
2.4. Lattice Symmetry
2.5. Reciprocal Lattice
2.6. Neighbor Shells
2.7. Nanoparticles and Crystallites
2.8. Incommensurate Crystals and Quasicrystals
3. Crystal Layers: Two-Dimensional Lattices
3.1. Basic Definition, Miller Indices
3.2. Netplane-Adapted Lattice Vectors
3.3. Minkowski Reduction
3.4. Miller Indices for Cubic and Trigonal Lattices
3.5. Alternative Definition of Miller Indices, Miller Bravais Indices
3.6. Symmetry of Netplanes
3.7. Crystal Systems and Bravais Lattices in Two Dimensions
3.8. Crystallographic Classification of Netplanes and Monolayers
4. Ideal Single Crystal Surfaces
4.1. Basic Definition, Termination
4.2. Morphology of Surfaces, Stepped and Kinked Surfaces
4.3. Miller Index Decomposition
4.4. Chiral and Achiral Surfaces
5. Real Crystal Surfaces
5.1. Surface Relaxation
5.2. Surface Reconstruction
5.3. Growth Processes
5.4. Facetting
6. Adsorbate layers
6.1. Definition and Classification
6.2.. Adsorbate Sites
6.3. Wood Notation
6.4.. High-Order Commensurate (HOC) Overlayers
6.5. Interference Lattices
6.6. Symmetry and Domains
6.7. Adsorption and Chirality
7. Experimental Analysis of Real Crystal Surfaces
7.1. Experimental Methods
7.2. Surface Structure Compilations
7.3. Database Formats
8. Nanotubes
8.1. Basic Definition
8.2. Nanotubes and Symmetry
8.3. Complex Nanotubes
A. Sketches of High-Symmetry Adsorbate Sites
B. Parameter Tables of Crystals
C. Mathematics of the Wood Notation
D. Mathematics of the Minkowski Reduction
E. Details of Number Theory
F. Details of Vector Calculus
G. Details of Fourier Theory
H. List of Surface Web Sites
About the author
Klaus Hermann is a senior scientist at the Fritz-Haber Institute and staff member of the Physics department of the Free University Berlin (Germany). He obtained a PhD in Physics from the Technical University Clausthal (Germany), worked as postdoc in Mexico and the USA before being appointed Professor at the Technical University Clausthal. He was visiting professor in the USA, Austria, Poland, Spain and in Hong Kong. Klaus Hermann has (co-)authored 175 scientific publications, three books, two scientific movies, and different software projects on various subjects of surface science, catalysis, quantum chemistry, and computer science. He is co-author of the open Surface Structure Database, formerly NIST Surface Structure Database.
Summary
A valuable learning tool as well as a reference, this book provides students and researchers in surface science and nanoscience with the theoretical crystallographic foundations, which are necessary to understand local structure and symmetry of bulk crystals, including ideal and real single crystal surfaces. The author deals with the subject at an introductory level, providing numerous graphic examples to illustrate the mathematical formalism. The book brings together and logically connects many seemingly disparate structural issues and notations used frequently by surface scientists and nanoscientists. Numerous exercises of varying difficulty, ranging from simple questions to small research projects, are included to stimulate discussions about the different subjects.
From the contents:
Bulk Crystals, Three-Dimensional Lattices
- Crystal Layers, Two-Dimensional Lattices, Symmetry
- Ideal Single Crystal Surfaces
- Real Crystal Surfaces
- Adsorbate layers
- Interference Lattices
- Chiral Surfaces
- Experimental Analysis of Real Crystal Surfaces
- Nanoparticles and Crystallites
- Quasicrystals
- Nanotubes
