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History of Modern Clinical Toxicology describes the extraordinary advances in the practice of clinical toxicology within the past 70 years and brings together stories of the people - the champions of clinical toxicology - who contributed to these advances, discovered new therapies and antidotes, and made change happen. This book lays out the poison control system they built and the fascinating story of how they created a new and evolving medical specialty. With the participation of renowned international experts as authors, the book showcases the development of poison control centers around the world and the growth of the professional societies that represent and support them today. This book also tells the stories of the modern-day toxic disasters and recent toxic exposures that gained worldwide attention and notoriety. It outlines the public health responses to such calamities which have led to improvements in our understanding of the science and changes in public health policies and regulations to forestall future such events. Finally, the book covers key policies and agencies affecting poison control centers, addresses the challenges facing clinical toxicologists of today, and predicts advances and future innovations in the field. History of Modern Clinical Toxicology is a unique resource that provides the historical and international perspective that will help students, practitioners, scientists, and health policy makers put current issues and methods in perspective. It will help them understand how infrastructure and processes in clinical toxicology have evolved and why poison control systems are configured as they are.
List of contents
Section 1. Disasters: Examples of toxic calamities in modern times
1.1 Triortho cresyl phosphate "Ginger Jake” disaster-United States, 1930s
1.2 Three methylmercury poisoning disasters
1.3 Community dioxin disaster-Seveso, Italy, 1976
1.4 Arsenic in tube well water-Bangladesh, 1970s-1990s
1.5 Toxic oil syndrome-Spain, 1981
1.6 Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome-United States, 1989
1.7 Methyl isocyanate-Bhopal, India, 1984
1.8 Zamfara gold mining lead poisoning disaster-Nigeria, Africa, 2010
1.9 Itai-Itai disease-Japan, 1955
1.10 Japan "Yusho” poisoning, 1968 and Taiwan "Yucheng” poisoning, 1979
Section 2. Notable pharmaceutical poisoning incidents and poisoned people
2.1 Sulfanilamide (diethylene glycol) disaster-United States, 1937
2.2 Gasping syndrome, 1982
2.3 Tylenol cyanide poisoning in United States, 1982
2.4 Thalidomide tragedy, 1950s
2.5 Dimethylmercury death-Professor Wetterhahn, 1996
2.6 Yushchenko (dioxin), 2004 and Markov (ricin), 1978: Two political poisonings
Section 3. Discovery of selected modern antidotes
3.1 N-Acetylcysteine
3.2 Fomepizole
3.3 Methylene blue
3.4 British anti-lewisite (dimercaprol)
3.5 Pralidoxime and oximes
3.6 Naloxone
3.7 Physostigmine
3.8 Cyanide antidotes
Section 4. Clinical toxicology and poison control in the United States
4.1 U.S. Poison Control Centers get organized: 1950s-1960s
4.2 Era of regionalization and standardization: 1970s-1980s
4.3 The information technology revolution: 1990s
4.4 New millennium, new directions: 2000-2020
4.5 Professionalism in US Clinical Toxicology-Training, practice, consultation, and societies
Section 5. Clinical toxicology and poison information in Europe, Scandinavia, and Israel
5.1 United Kingdom and Ireland
5.2 Czech Republic and other Central European and Eastern European countries
5.3 Russia
5.4 Germany
5.5 The Netherlands
5.6 Belgium
5.7 France
5.8 Spain and Portugal
5.9 Italy
5.10 Switzerland
5.11 Scandinavia
5.12 Israel
5.13 Contribution of the World Health Organization to toxicology and poisons centers
5.14 The European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT)
Section 6. Clinical toxicology and poison control in Asia and Australia
6.1 Australia
6.2 The Chinese mainland
6.3 Taiwan
6.4 The Philippines
6.5 Vietnam
6.6 Thailand
6.7 South Korea
