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Klappentext Stay informed of every major development in the law of tax-exempt organizations from 2021 and 2022 In the 2022 Cumulative Supplement to the twelfth edition of The Law of Tax-Exempt Organizations, readers will find an essential update covering and explaining every relevant and impactful legislative and regulatory change, as well as major cases and decisions from 2021, that will affect the administration and operation of tax-exempt organizations in the United States. Renowned author Bruce R. Hopkins offers concise and authoritative commentary on the latest amendments and legislation of interest to the leaders and managers of tax-exempt organizations and the lawyers, accountants, and consultants who serve and advise them. Zusammenfassung Stay informed of every major development in the law of tax-exempt organizations from 2021 and 2022 In the 2022 Cumulative Supplement to the twelfth edition of The Law of Tax-Exempt Organizations, readers will find an essential update covering and explaining every relevant and impactful legislative and regulatory change, as well as major cases and decisions from 2021, that will affect the administration and operation of tax-exempt organizations in the United States. Renowned author Bruce R. Hopkins offers concise and authoritative commentary on the latest amendments and legislation of interest to the leaders and managers of tax-exempt organizations and the lawyers, accountants, and consultants who serve and advise them. Inhaltsverzeichnis A Letter to the Reader xvAbout the Author xviiPreface xixAbout the Online Resources xxiBook Citations xxiiiPart One: Introduction to the Law Of Tax-exempt Organizations1 Definition of and Rationales for Tax-Exempt Organizations 3§ 1.1 Definition of Nonprofit Organization 3(a) Nonprofit Organization Defined 3§ 1.2 Definition of Tax-Exempt Organization 42 Overview of Nonprofit Sector and Tax-Exempt Organizations 5§ 2.1 Profile of Nonprofit Sector 5§ 2.2 Organization of IRS 7(a) IRS in General 7(a-1) Prospective Restructuring of IRS 7(b) Tax Exempt and Government Entities Division 8Part Two: Fundamentals of the Law Of Tax-exempt Organizations 3 Tax Exemption: Source and Recognition 11§ 3.2 Recognition of Tax Exemption 11(a) General Rules 11§ 3.3 Recognition of Public Charity, Private Foundation Status 114 Organizational, Operational, and Related Tests and Doctrines 13§ 4.1 Forms of Tax-Exempt Organizations 13(a) General Rules 13§ 4.3 Organizational Test 13(b) Dissolution Requirements 14§ 4.5 Operational Test 14(a) Basic Rules 14§ 4.7 Commensurate Test 14§ 4.8 State Action Doctrine 14(d) Statutory Law 14§ 4.9 Commerciality Doctrine 14(e) Other Applications of Doctrine 14(f) Elements of Commerciality 15(g) IRS Ruling Policy 15(h) Contemporary Perspective on Doctrine 165 Nonprofit Governance 17§ 5.3 Board Duties and Responsibilities 17(a) Duty of Care 17(b) Duty of Loyalty 18(c) Duty of Obedience 18§ 5.7 IRS and Governance 19(c) IRS Ruling Policy 19Part Three: Tax-exempt Charitable Organizations 6 Concept of Charitable 23§ 6.2 Public Policy Doctrine 23(b) Race-Based Discrimination 23§ 6.3 Collateral Concepts 23(a) Requirement of Charitable Class 23(i) Illegal Activities 247 Charitable Organizations 27§ 7.2 Relief of Distressed 27(b) Disaster Relief Programs 27§ 7.4 Provision of Housing 32§ 7.6 Promotion of Health 32(a) Hospital Law in General 32(b) Additional Statutory Requirements for Hospitals 33§ 7.7 Lessening Burdens of Government 34§ 7.8 Advancement of Education 34§ 7.11 Promotion of Social Welfare 35§ 7.14 Fundraising Organizations 35(c) Other Exemption Issues 35§ 7.15 Instrumentalities of Government 36§ 7.16 Other Categories of Charity 36(a) Environmental Protection 36(e) Local Economic Development 36§ 7.17 Qualified Opportunity Zones 368 Educational Organizations 39§ 8.1 Federal Tax Law De...
