Biosorption for Wastewater Contaminants

Pollution due to various anthropogenic activities continues to increase. In terms of water pollutants, organic and inorganic pollutants are the most problematic. Although several measures have been proposed and implemented to prevent or reduce contamination, their increased concentration in water bodies has created serious concerns. Over the years, the problem has been aggravated by industrialization, urbanization and the exploitation of natural resources. The direct discharge of wastewater contaminants and their geographical mobilization have caused an increase in concentration in ground, surface, fluvial and residual waters. Extensive information about detection and disposal methods is needed in order to develop technological solutions for a variety of environments, both urban and rural.
 
This book provides up-to-date information on wastewater contaminants, aimed at researchers, engineers and technologists working in this field. Conventional physicochemical techniques used to remove contaminants from wastewater include ion exchange, precipitation, degradation, coagulation, coating, membrane processes and adsorption. However, these applications have technological and economic limitations, and involve the release of large amounts of chemical reagents and by-products that are themselves difficult to remove. Biosorption - the use of organically generated material as an adsorbent - is attracting new research and scholarship. Thermally-treated calcined biomaterials may be treated to remove heavy metals from wastewater. To ensure the elimination of these contaminants, existing solutions must be integrated with intelligent biosorption functions.
 
Biosorption for Wastewater Contaminants will find an appreciative audience among academics and postgraduates working in the fields of environmental biotechnology, environmental engineering, wastewater treatment technology and environmental chemistry.

List of contents

List of Contributors xii
 
Preface xvi
 
Foreword xvii
 
1 Industrial Wastewater Contaminants and Their Hazardous Impacts 1
Camila Pesci Pereira, João Pedro Neves Goldenstein, and João Paulo Bassin
 
List of Abbreviations 1
 
Introduction 2
 
Toxic Heavy Metals 3
 
Dyes 5
 
Oil and Grease 8
 
Biocides 10
 
Organic Compounds 12
 
Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) 15
 
Conclusion 17
 
References 19
 
2 Biosorption and Different Native Sources for Preparation of Biosorbents 23
A.B. Sathya, R. Sivashankar, J. Kanimozhi, R. Devika, and R. Balaji
 
Introduction 23
 
Biosorption and Its Mechanism 24
 
Biosorbents 24
 
Types of Biosorbents 25
 
Microbial Biomass as Biosorbents 26
 
Bacterial Biomass 26
 
Algae as Biosorbents 27
 
Fungi as Biosorbents 30
 
Yeasts as Biosorbents 30
 
Biosorbents Derived from Plant and Animal Waste 31
 
Biocomposites 33
 
Alteration of Biosorbents 33
 
Desorption and Regeneration 34
 
Cost Evaluation 34
 
Conclusion 35
 
References 35
 
3 Biosorption for Eliminating Inorganic Contaminants (IOCs) from Wastewater 42
Rahul Sharma, Pinki Rani Agrawal, Ravi Kumar, Ittishree, and Gaurav Gupta
 
Introduction: Water Pollution by Inorganic Contaminants (IOCs) 42
 
Permissible Limits and Sources of IOCs in Water Systems 45
 
Standard Permissible Limits of Some IOCs in Water 45
 
Sources of IOCs in Water Systems 46
 
Natural Sources 46
 
Anthropogenic Sources 46
 
IOCs in Water: Environmental and Health Hazards 47
 
Elimination of IOCs from Wastewater: Recent Strategies and Remediation Techniques 49
 
Oxidation/Precipitation 50
 
Ion Exchange 50
 
Electrokinetics (EK) 50
 
Membrane Filtration / Reverse Osmosis 50
 
Sorption Methods 51
 
Biosorption Methods for Eliminating IOCs from Wastewater 51
 
Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives 54
 
References 56
 
4 Biosorption for Eliminating Organic Contaminants from Wastewater 63
Pinki Rani Agrawal, Rahul Sharma, and Abhishek Agrawal
 
Introduction 63
 
Types of Organic Pollutants and Their Effects on Human Health 64
 
Organic Dyes 64
 
Pharmaceutical Waste 66
 
Agricultural Waste 67
 
Remediation Methods for Eliminating Organic Contaminants from Wastewater 67
 
Biosorption as a Remediation Method for Organic Pollutants 67
 
Mechanism of Biosorption for Adsorption of Organic Pollutants 70
 
Conclusion and Future Prospects 72
 
References 73
 
5 Recent Approaches in the Preparation of Various Biosorbents 79
Rajarathinam Nithya and Arunachalam Thirunavukkarasu
 
Introduction 79
 
Biosorbents 81
 
Physical Treatment of Biosorbents 82
 
Sterilization 82
 
Comminution 82
 
Cryodessication 83
 
Microwave Drying 83
 
Chemical Treatment of Biosorbents 83
 
Acid Treatment 83
 
Alkali Treatment 84
 
Pyrolysis 84
 
Solid-Liquid Extraction 85
 
Immobilization 85
 
Chemical and Genetic Modifications 86
 
Challenges in the Utilization of Biosorbents 86
 
Conclusion 92
 
References 93
 
6 Characterization of the Biosorption Process 102
R. Sivashankar, A.B. Sathya, J. Kanimozhi, and B. Deepanraj
 
Introduction 102
 
Biosorption 103
 
Characterization Methods 104
 
Titration Technique

About the author

About the Editors
Dr Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian is an Assistant Professor in the School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tamil Nadu, India.
Dr Pardeep Singh is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Environmental Science, PGDAV College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.

Summary

Pollution due to various anthropogenic activities continues to increase. In terms of water pollutants, organic and inorganic pollutants are the most problematic. Although several measures have been proposed and implemented to prevent or reduce contamination, their increased concentration in water bodies has created serious concerns. Over the years, the problem has been aggravated by industrialization, urbanization and the exploitation of natural resources. The direct discharge of wastewater contaminants and their geographical mobilization have caused an increase in concentration in ground, surface, fluvial and residual waters. Extensive information about detection and disposal methods is needed in order to develop technological solutions for a ­variety of environments, both urban and rural.

This book provides up-to-date information on wastewater contaminants, aimed at researchers, engineers and technologists working in this field. Conventional physicochemical techniques used to remove contaminants from wastewater include ion exchange, precipitation, degradation, coagulation, coating, membrane processes and adsorption. However, these applications have technological and economic limitations, and involve the release of large amounts of chemical reagents and by-products that are themselves difficult to remove. Biosorption - the use of organically generated material as an adsorbent - is attracting new research and scholarship. Thermally-treated calcined biomaterials may be treated to remove heavy metals from wastewater. To ensure the elimination of these contaminants, existing solutions must be integrated with intelligent biosorption functions.

Biosorption for Wastewater Contaminants will find an appreciative audience among academics and postgraduates working in the fields of environmental biotechnology, environmental engineering, wastewater treatment technology and environmental chemistry.

Product details

• Authors: R Selvasembian, Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian, Rangabhashiyam (Sastra Deemed Univer Selvasembian, Rangabhashiyam Singh Selvasembian, Pardeep Singh, Pardeep (University of Delhi Singh, Pardeep Selvasembian Singh
• Assisted by: Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian (Editor), Singh (Editor), Pardeep Singh (Editor)
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 30.04.2022
• EAN: 9781119737599
• ISBN: 978-1-119-73759-9
• No. of pages: 320
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Technology > Structural and environmental engineering; Management, Chemie, Umweltchemie, Geowissenschaften, chemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Bauingenieur- u. Bauwesen, Civil Engineering & Construction, Wastewater Purification, Abwasserbehandlung, Water Resource Management, Management von Wasservorräten, Abwasserreiningung