Green Chemistry for Sustainable Water Purification

GREEN CHEMISTRY for Sustainable Water Purification
 
Green Chemistry for Sustainable Water Purification provides systematic coverage of the most recent research and development in clean water treatment technologies based on green materials and nanocomposites.
 
Providing safe drinking water is one of the top priorities for scientists and industrialists working on projects, and one particular problem is the contamination of groundwater with toxic organic and inorganic compounds released by various industries. The presence of contaminants or industrial effluents in drinking water systems has increasingly become a major environmental challenge. To address the problem, several methods, including ion exchange, membrane filtration, advanced oxidation, biological degradation, photocatalytic degradation, electro-coagulation, and adsorption, are in operation for removing or minimizing these wastes. The purification process of wastewater using conventional methods, however, has proved to be markedly ineffective, very difficult, and highly expensive.
 
On the other hand, for the remediation of water resources, a concept like green chemistry, based on the application of biological agents including polymers, bacteria, and fungi, has received great scientific attention as it helps to avoid the toxic by-products of conventional techniques and enhances eco-friendly wastewater treatment approaches.
 
This book discusses the different treatment technologies with a special focus on the green adsorption approach, using biological and hybrid biochemical treatment technologies to prevent water contamination and maintain the ecosystem. It discusses the analysis of organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial wastewater. It also focuses on the removal and recovery of organic and inorganic contaminants from the environment and several case studies describing the removal and recovery of environmental pollutants using green technology are given. The recycling of low-cost along with green adsorbent technology is explained in detail. Finally, the book highlights treatment technologies with effective pollutant removal capacities that are used in modern water treatment units.
 
Audience
 
The book will serve as an important resource for materials scientists, chemists, chemical engineers, biotechnologists, textile engineers and environmental scientists. It will also be valuable to industrial organizations, consulting engineering companies, etc. for the selection and implementation of the most sustainable wastewater treatment technologies.

List of contents

Preface xiii
 
1 Green Chemistry for Water Remediation 1
Syed Wazed Ali, Satyaranjan Bairagi and Swagata Banerjee
 
1.1 Introduction 2
 
1.2 Challenges in Water Remediation 3
 
1.3 Green Chemistry as a Novel Alternative to Conventional Wastewater Treatment 4
 
1.3.1 Green Chemistry 4
 
1.3.2 Applications of Green Chemistry in Water Remediation 9
 
1.4 Conclusion 14
 
Acknowledgment 15
 
References 15
 
2 Advances in Wastewater Treatment Using Natural and Modified Zeolites 21
Sheikh A. Majid, Gowher Jan and Aabid H. Shalla
 
2.1 Global Impact of Wastewater Treatment 21
 
2.2 Different Wastewater Treatments 22
 
2.3 Technologies to Treat Chemical Industry Effluents 23
 
2.4 Oil-Water Separator--Treatment of Oily Effluent 23
 
2.5 Coagulation-Flocculation 24
 
2.6 Techniques for Treating Wastewater Using Adsorption 25
 
2.7 Adsorption of Dyes 26
 
2.8 Zeolite in Wastewater Treatment 27
 
2.9 Negative Impact of Heavy Metals on Health 28
 
2.9.1 Origin of Heavy Metal Exposure to Humans 29
 
2.9.1.1 Arsenic 30
 
2.9.1.2 Lead 31
 
2.9.1.3 Mercury 31
 
2.10 Wastewater Treatment Using Different Zeolites 32
 
2.10.1 Natural Zeolites 32
 
2.11 Treatment of Surface Waters, Ground, and Underground Waters 33
 
2.12 Drinking and Greywater Treatment 33
 
2.13 Heavy Metal Removal Comparison by Zeolites 34
 
2.13.1 Different Adsorbents Used to Remove Cr³+ 34
 
2.13.2 Different Adsorbents Employed for the Removal of Cd³+ 34
 
2.13.3 Removal of Cu²+ by Different Adsorbents 37
 
2.13.4 Different Adsorbents Used to Remove Pb²+ 37
 
2.13.5 Removal of Zn²+ by Different Adsorbents 37
 
2.14 Adsorption Kinetics and Thermodynamics 40
 
2.15 Conclusion 40
 
References 41
 
3 Sustainable Green Synergistic Emulsion Liquid Membrane Formulation for Metal Removal from Aqueous Waste Solution 49
Norasikin Othman, Norela Jusoh, Raja Norimie Raja Sulaiman and Norul Fatiha Mohamed Noah
 
3.1 Introduction 50
 
3.2 Theoretical 51
 
3.2.1 Mass Transfer Mechanism in the ELM Process 53
 
3.2.2 Component Selection in the ELM 55
 
3.3 Experimental 58
 
3.3.1 Materials 58
 
3.3.2 Reactive Extraction Procedure 58
 
3.3.3 Determination and Calculations 60
 
3.4 Results and Discussion 60
 
3.4.1 Extraction of Metal Ions Using Single Carrier 60
 
3.4.2 Extraction of Metal Ions Using Mixed of Carriers 61
 
3.4.3 Approach to a Sustainable ELM Process 68
 
3.4.4 Prospect and Future Challenges in ELM Technology 69
 
3.5 Conclusion 73
 
Acknowledgment 73
 
References 73
 
4 Chemical Activation of Carbonized Neem Seed as an Effective Adsorbent for Rhodamine B Dye Adsorption 79
Edwin Andrew Ofudje, Samson O. Alayande, Abimbola A. Ogundiran, Ezekiel Folorunso Sodiya, Oyesolape Basirat Akinsipo-Oyelaja, Godswill Akhigbe and Olugbenga Bowale Oladeji
 
4.1 Introduction 80
 
4.2 Materials and Methods 81
 
4.2.1 Chemicals 81
 
4.2.2 Preparation of Adsorbent 81
 
4.2.3 Magnetic Activation Carbonized Neem Seed 82
 
4.2.4 Adsorbent Characterizations 82
 
4.2.5 Batch Adsorption Experiments 83
 
4.3 Results and Discussion 83
 
4.3.1 Adsorption Studies 87
 
4.3.2 Adsorption Kinetics of RB Dye Removal 90
 
4.3.3 Adsorption Isotherms of RB Dye Removal 95
 
4.3.4 Thermodynamic of RB Dye Removal 97
 
4.4 Conclusions 102
 
References 102
 
5 G

About the author

Shahid-ul-Islam, PhD, is a Research Scientist at the Department of Textile & Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT). His area of interests are antimicrobial coatings, green chemistry, fibers & polymers, polymeric composites and nanocomoposites and nano-biotechnology. He has published numerous peer-reviewed research articles in journals of high repute including contributions to several internationally recognized books published by the Wiley-Scrivener imprint, Springer, and Elsevier. Aabid Hussain Shalla, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Chemistry at Islamic University of Science and Technology, J&K, India. He has more than 35 publications in international journals, three books, and many book chapters to his credit. His research interests include the synthesis of hybrid ion exchange materials/ion-selective electrodes/synthesis of smart responsive hydrogels to envisage their application in the removal and identification of toxic heavy metal ions, dyes, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wastewaters. Mohammad Shahadat, PhD, is a senior lecturer at the School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia. He has published over 60 research papers and 8 review articles in international journals as well as edited one book and 25 book chapters. His research interests include synthesis, characterization, green technologies, chitosan/polyaniline-supported biodegradable nanocomposite materials, and their significant applications in various fields, including drug delivery systems.

Summary

GREEN CHEMISTRY for Sustainable Water Purification

Green Chemistry for Sustainable Water Purification provides systematic coverage of the most recent research and development in clean water treatment technologies based on green materials and nanocomposites.

Providing safe drinking water is one of the top priorities for scientists and industrialists working on projects, and one particular problem is the contamination of groundwater with toxic organic and inorganic compounds released by various industries. The presence of contaminants or industrial effluents in drinking water systems has increasingly become a major environmental challenge. To address the problem, several methods, including ion exchange, membrane filtration, advanced oxidation, biological degradation, photocatalytic degradation, electro-coagulation, and adsorption, are in operation for removing or minimizing these wastes. The purification process of wastewater using conventional methods, however, has proved to be markedly ineffective, very difficult, and highly expensive.

On the other hand, for the remediation of water resources, a concept like green chemistry, based on the application of biological agents including polymers, bacteria, and fungi, has received great scientific attention as it helps to avoid the toxic by-products of conventional techniques and enhances eco-friendly wastewater treatment approaches.

This book discusses the different treatment technologies with a special focus on the green adsorption approach, using biological and hybrid biochemical treatment technologies to prevent water contamination and maintain the ecosystem. It discusses the analysis of organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial wastewater. It also focuses on the removal and recovery of organic and inorganic contaminants from the environment and several case studies describing the removal and recovery of environmental pollutants using green technology are given. The recycling of low-cost along with green adsorbent technology is explained in detail. Finally, the book highlights treatment technologies with effective pollutant removal capacities that are used in modern water treatment units.

Audience

The book will serve as an important resource for materials scientists, chemists, chemical engineers, biotechnologists, textile engineers and environmental scientists. It will also be valuable to industrial organizations, consulting engineering companies, etc. for the selection and implementation of the most sustainable wastewater treatment technologies.

Product details

• Authors: Mohammad Shahadat, Aabid Hussain Shalla, Shahid Shalla Ul Islam, Ul-Islam, Shahid ul-Islam, Shahid Shalla Ul-Islam
• Assisted by: Aabid Hussain Shalla (Editor), Md Shahadat (Editor), Mohammad Shahadat (Editor), Aabid Hussain Shalla (Editor), Abid Hussain Shalla (Editor), Shahid Ul Islam (Editor), Shahid ul-Islam (Editor)
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 31.05.2022
• EAN: 9781119852292
• ISBN: 978-1-119-85229-2
• No. of pages: 304
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Chemistry > Organic chemistry; Chemie, Umweltforschung, Wasseraufbereitung, Wasserwirtschaft, Environmental Studies, chemistry, Wasserchemie, Water Chemistry, Bauingenieur- u. Bauwesen, Civil Engineering & Construction, Grüne Chemie, Water Resources, Umwelt-Mikrobiologie, Environmental Microbiology, Wasserreinigung