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Worldwide, much of the damage due to wind is caused by non-synoptic, local wind storm events, such as tornadoes and downbursts. The need is clear to better understand non-synoptic local winds; properly simulate them; assess the difference in loading between these events and synoptic large-scale winds; determine their statistics and associated risks; and apply this through guidelines, codes, risk mitigation, and adaptation responses to socioeconomic impact. This Handbook features a cohesive collection of 25 articles, contributed by leading scientists, scholars, and engineers. Together, they provide clear definitions of the problems to be tackled, identify the best-suited tools and methodologies to address them, suggest ways to maximize collaborative planning, and offer a strategic framework for forward-looking research.
List of contents
- Foreword
- Julian Hunt
- Section 1 - Introduction: Non-Synoptic Wind Storms
- 1. Introduction
- Horia Hangan and Ahsan Kareem
- 2. The Types of Non-Synoptic Wind Systems
- Howard B. Bluestein
- 3. Engineering Perspective of Tornadoes
- Kishor C. Mehta
- 4. Ground-Breaking Contributions to Downburst Monitoring, Modeling, and Detection
- Massimiliano Burlando and Djordje Romanic
- 5. Characteristics of Downslope Windstorms in the View of the Typical Atmospheric Boundary Layer
- Hrvoje Kozmar and Branko Grisogono
- 6. Forecasting of Tornadoes and Downbursts: Challenges, Prioritization, and Progress
- Djordje Romanic
- 7. Potential Effects of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Non-Synoptic Wind Storm Hazards
- Robert J. Trapp
- Section 2 - In Situ Data Acquisition for NSWS
- 8. Measuring the Engineering-Relevant Aspects of Non-Synoptic Wind Hazards
- John L. Schroeder
- 9. Non-Synoptic Winds Data Basis
- Uwe Ulbrich and Edmund P. Meredith
- Section 3 - Modeling Methods for NSWS
- 10. Analytical and Semi-empirical Models of Tornadoes and Downbursts
- Djordje Romanic and Horia Hangan
- 11. Mesoscale, Microscale, and Numerical Models: Limitations and Future Evolution
- Patrick Hawbecker
- 12. Novel Physical Simulators for NSWS: Limitations and Future Evolution
- Horia Hangan, Maryam Refan, Partha P. Sarkar, and Delong Zuo
- 13. Relation between Full Scale and Model Data
- Horia Hangan, Maryam Refan, and Djordje Romanic
- 14. Other Models: Data-Driven Approaches for Non-Stationary Non-Synoptic Winds
- Dae Kun Kwon and Ahsan Kareem
- Section 4 -Structural and Other Impacts of NSWS
- 15. Aerodynamic Loading Due to Non-Synoptic Wind Systems
- Jubayer Chowdhury and Teng Wu
- 16. Extremely Gusty Winds from a Viewpoint of Aerodynamic Force
- Junji Maeda, Takashi Takeuchi, Eriko Tomokiyo, and Yukio Tamura
- 17. Structural Response to Non-Stationary Thunderstorm Outflows
- Dae Kun Kwon, Giovanni Solari, and Ahsan Kareem
- 18. Assessing Wind Damage to Residential Structures
- Timothy P. Marshall and J. Arn Womble
- 19. Numerical Simulation of Flight and Impact of Wind-borne Debris
- Takashi Nomura
- Section 5 - Risk Models Related To NSWS
- 20. Simplified Hazard Modeling and Structural Reliability Analysis Considering Non-Synoptic Wind Systems (NSWS) in Canada
- Han Ping Hong and Qian Huang
- Section 6 - Reduction of Exposure to NSWS
- 21. Prediction of Non-Synoptic Wind Speeds
- Franklin T. Lombardo and Alexander S. Zickar
- 22. Towards the Codification of Thunderstorm/Downburst Winds
- Dae Kun Kwon, Ahsan Kareem, and Giovanni Solari
- 23. Economic and Policy Issues for Wind Resistant Construction
- Kevin M. Simmons
- 24. Convective Storms and the Insurance Industry: Challenges and Opportunities
- Kirsten D. Orwig
- Section 7 - Conclusion
- 25. Concluding Summary
- Horia Hangan and Ahsan Kareem
About the author
Horia Hangan is a Professor in the Faculty of Engineering and the Director of the Wind Engineering, Energy and Environment (WindEEE) Research Institute at the University of Western Ontario, Canada. His research focuses on the simulation and impact of weather systems on man-made or natural habitats.
Ahsan Kareem is the Robert M. Moran Professor of Engineering and the Director of the NatHaz Modeling Laboratory at the University of Notre Dame. His work focuses on probabilistic characterization and formulation of dynamic load effects due to wind, waves and earthquakes on structures via fundamental experimental, laboratory and full-scale experiments utilizing cyber and cyber-physical infrastructures to enhance their safety.
Summary
In different areas of the world, much of the damage due to wind is caused by non-synoptic, local wind storm events, such as tornadoes and downbursts. In North America the damage due to these winds is more than 65% of total wind damage, and there are no guidelines or code implementations to deal with such catastrophic events. As we enter the third decade of the twenty-first century, current research is in its first phase of addressing these types of events, from their characterization, simulation, and loading, to collapse-mode effects on buildings and structures, as well as socioeconomic implications. The need is clear to better understand non-synoptic local winds; properly simulate them; assess the difference in loading between these events and synoptic large-scale winds that have been part of the wind engineering practice for more than five decades; determine their statistics and associated risks; and apply this through guidelines, codes, risk mitigation, and adaptation responses to socioeconomic impact.
The Oxford Handbook of Non-Synoptic Wind Storms, led by Dr. Horia Hangan and Dr. Ahsan Kareem, features nearly 30 chapters, contributed by an international panel of leading scientists, scholars, and engineers, that address these issues and stimulate thought, research, and responses to non-synoptic wind storm hazards in North America and worldwide. Together, these articles provide clear definitions of the problems to be tackled, offer a strategic framework for forward-looking research, identify the best-suited tools and methodologies to address the problems at hand, and suggest ways to maximize collaborative planning between the disciplines that will tackle these challenges.
