Electromagnetic Vortices - Wave Phenomena and Engineering Applications

Discover the most recent advances in electromagnetic vortices
 
In Electromagnetic Vortices: Wave Phenomena and Engineering Applications, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a cutting-edge treatment of electromagnetic vortex waves, including their theoretical foundation, related wave properties, and several potentially transformative applications.
 
The book is divided into three parts. The editors first include resources that describe the generation, sorting, and manipulation of vortex waves, as well as descriptions of interesting wave behavior in the infrared and optical regimes with custom-designed nanostructures. They then discuss the generation, multiplexing, and propagation of vortex waves at the microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies. Finally, the selected contributions discuss several representative practical applications of vortex waves from a system perspective.
 
With coverage that incorporates demonstration examples from a wide range of related sub-areas, this essential edited volume also offers:
* Thorough introductions to the generation of optical vortex beams and transformation optical vortex wave synthesizers
* Comprehensive explorations of millimeter-wave metasurfaces for high-capacity and broadband generation of vector vortex beams, as well as orbital angular momentum (OAM) detection and its observation in second harmonic generations
* Practical discussions of microwave SPP circuits and coding metasurfaces for vortex beam generation and OAM-based structured radio beams and their applications
* In-depth examinations and explorations of OAM multiplexing for wireless communications, wireless power transmission, as well as quantum communications and simulations
 
Perfect for students of wireless communications, antenna/RF design, optical communications, and nanophotonics, Electromagnetic Vortices: Wave Phenomena and Engineering Applications is also an indispensable resource for researchers in academia, at large defense contractors, and in government labs.

List of contents

About the Editors xv
 
List of Contributors xvii
 
Preface xxi
 
Part I Fundamentals and Basics of Electromagnetic Vortices 1
 
1 Fundamentals of Orbital Angular Momentum Beams: Concepts, Antenna Analogies, and Applications 3
Anastasios Papathanasopoulos and Yahya Rahmat-Samii
 
1.1 Electromagnetic Fields Carry Orbital Angular Momentum 3
 
1.2 OAM Beams; Properties and Analogies with Conventional Beams 4
 
1.2.1 Laguerre-Gaussian Modes 5
 
1.3 Communicating Using OAM: Potentials and Challenges 10
 
1.3.1 OAM Communication Link Scenarios and Technical Barriers 11
 
1.3.2 OAM Emerging Applications and Perspectives 14
 
1.3.2.1 Free-space Communications 14
 
1.3.2.2 Optical Fiber Communications 17
 
1.4 OAM Generation Methods 20
 
1.5 Summary and Perspectives 22
 
Appendix 1.A OAM Far-field Calculation 23
 
References 26
 
2 OAM Radio - Physical Foundations and Applications of Electromagnetic Orbital Angular Momentum in Radio Science and Technology 33
Bo Thidé and Fabrizio Tamburini
 
2.1 Introduction 33
 
2.2 Physics 34
 
2.2.1 The Classical Electromagnetic Field 34
 
2.2.2 Electrodynamic Observables 36
 
2.2.2.1 Behavior at Very Long Distances 41
 
2.3 Implementation 45
 
2.3.1 Wireless Information Transfer with Linear Momentum 46
 
2.3.2 Wireless Information Transfer with Angular Momentum 48
 
2.3.2.1 Spin Angular Momentum vs. Orbital Angular Momentum 50
 
2.3.2.2 Angular Momentum Transducers 50
 
2.3.2.3 Electric Hertzian Dipoles 52
 
2.3.3 Astronomy Applications 58
 
Appendix A 61
 
2.A.1 Theory 61
 
2.A.1.1 Classical Majorana-Oppenheimer Formalism and Its Affinity to First Quantization Formalism 61
 
2.A.1.1.1 Riemann-Silberstein Electromagnetic Potentials and Fields 63
 
A.1.1.1 Purely Electric Sources 66
 
A.1.1.2 Useful Approximations 67
 
A.1.2.1 The Paraxial Approximation 68
 
A.1.2.2 The Far-Zone Approximation 70
 
2.A.2 Poincaré Invariants and Conserved Quantities of the EM Field 74
 
A.2.1 Energy 74
 
A.2.2 Linear Momentum 76
 
A.2.2.1 Gauge Invariance 78
 
A.2.2.2 First Quantization Formalism 79
 
A.2.3 Angular Momentum 80
 
A.2.3.1 Gauge Invariance 82
 
A.2.3.2 First Quantization Formalism 83
 
References 84
 
Part II Physical Wave Phenomena of Electromagnetic Vortices 97
 
3 Generation of Microwave Vortex Beams Using Metasurfaces 99
Jia Yuan Yin and Tie Jun Cui
 
3.1 Introduction 99
 
3.2 Metasurfaces for Vortex-beam Generation 100
 
3.2.1 Reflective Metasurfaces for Vortex-beam Generation 101
 
3.2.2 Transmission Metasurfaces for Vortex-beam Generation 108
 
3.2.3 Planar Metasurfaces for Vortex-beam Generation 110
 
3.2.4 Metasurfaces for Modified Vortex-beam Generation 112
 
3.2.5 One-dimensional Metasurface for Vortex-beam Generation 113
 
3.3 Conclusion 114
 
Acknowledgments 114
 
References 115
 
4 Application of Transformation Optics and 3D Printing Technology in Vortex Wave Generation 121
Jianjia Yi, Shah Nawaz Burokur, and Douglas H. Werner
 
4.1 Introduction 121
 
4.2 Theoretical Basis of Transformation Optics and 3D Printing 121
 
4.2.1 The Concept and Development of Transformation Optics 121
 
4.2.2 An Overview of 3D Printing Techniques 125
 
4.3 Several Applications of Transformation Optics in Vortex Waves 128
 
4.3.1 All-Dielectric Transformed Material for the Generation of OAM Beams 128

About the author

ZHI HAO JIANG, PHD, is Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves and Associate Dean of the School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University. He is the co-editor of Electromagnetics of Body-Area Networks: Antennas, Propagation, and RF Systems.
DOUGLAS H. WERNER, PhD, is Director of the Computational Electromagnetics and Antennas Research Lab, as well as a faculty member of the Materials Research Institute at Penn State. He is also Editor for the IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory & Applications.

Summary

Discover the most recent advances in electromagnetic vortices

In Electromagnetic Vortices: Wave Phenomena and Engineering Applications, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a cutting-edge treatment of electromagnetic vortex waves, including their theoretical foundation, related wave properties, and several potentially transformative applications.

The book is divided into three parts. The editors first include resources that describe the generation, sorting, and manipulation of vortex waves, as well as descriptions of interesting wave behavior in the infrared and optical regimes with custom-designed nanostructures. They then discuss the generation, multiplexing, and propagation of vortex waves at the microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies. Finally, the selected contributions discuss several representative practical applications of vortex waves from a system perspective.

With coverage that incorporates demonstration examples from a wide range of related sub-areas, this essential edited volume also offers:
* Thorough introductions to the generation of optical vortex beams and transformation optical vortex wave synthesizers
* Comprehensive explorations of millimeter-wave metasurfaces for high-capacity and broadband generation of vector vortex beams, as well as orbital angular momentum (OAM) detection and its observation in second harmonic generations
* Practical discussions of microwave SPP circuits and coding metasurfaces for vortex beam generation and OAM-based structured radio beams and their applications
* In-depth examinations and explorations of OAM multiplexing for wireless communications, wireless power transmission, as well as quantum communications and simulations

Perfect for students of wireless communications, antenna/RF design, optical communications, and nanophotonics, Electromagnetic Vortices: Wave Phenomena and Engineering Applications is also an indispensable resource for researchers in academia, at large defense contractors, and in government labs.

Product details

• Authors: Zh Jiang, Zhi Hao Jiang, Zhi Hao Werner Jiang, Douglas H. Werner, Douglas H. (The Pennsylvania State Univers Werner
• Assisted by: H Werner (Editor), H Werner (Editor), Zh Hao Jiang (Editor), Zhi Hao Jiang (Editor), Zhi Hao Jiang (Editor), Jiang Zhi Hao (Editor), Douglas H. Werner (Editor), Werner Douglas H. (Editor)
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 31.12.2021
• EAN: 9781119662822
• ISBN: 978-1-119-66282-2
• No. of pages: 496
• Series: IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory; IEEE/OUP Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory (formerly IEEE only), Series Editor: Donald G. Dudley.; IEEE Press Electromagnetic Wav
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Technology > Electronics, electrical engineering, communications engineering; Elektromagnetismus, Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Elektrotechnik u. Elektronik, Mikrowellen- u. Hochfrequenztechnik u. Theorie, RF / Microwave Theory & Techniques, Electromagnetic Theory