Transportation Electrification - Breakthroughs in Electrified Vehicles, Aircraft, Rolling Stock,

Transportation Electrification
 
Dive deep into the latest breakthroughs in electrified modes of transport
 
In Transportation Electrification, an accomplished team of researchers and industry experts delivers a unique synthesis of detailed analyses of recent breakthroughs in several modes of electric transportation and a holistic overview of how those advances can or cannot be applied to other modes of transportation. The editors include resources that examine electric aircraft, rolling stock, watercraft, and vehicle transportation types and comparatively determine their stages of development, distinctive and common barriers to advancement, challenges, gaps in technology, and possible solutions to developmental problems.
 
This book offers readers a breadth of foundational knowledge combined with a deep understanding of the issues afflicting each mode of transportation. It acts as a roadmap and policy framework for transportation companies to guide the electrification of transportation vessels.
 
Readers will benefit from an overview of key standards and regulations in the electrified transportation industry, as well as:
* A thorough introduction to the various modes of electric transportation, including recent advances in each mode, and the technological and policy challenges posed by them
* An exploration of different vehicle systems, including recent advanced in hybrid and EV powertrain architectures and advanced energy management strategies
* Discussions of electrified aircraft, including advanced technologies and architecture optimizations for cargo air vehicle, passenger air vehicles, and heavy lift vertical take-off and landing craft
* In-depth examinations of rolling stock and watercraft-type vehicles, and special vehicles, including various system architectures and energy storage systems relevant to each
 
Perfect for practicing professionals in the electric transport industry, Transportation Electrification is also a must-read resource for standardization body members, regulators, officials, policy makers, and undergraduate students in electrical and electronics engineering.

List of contents

About the Editors xvii
 
List of Contributors xix
 
Introduction xxiii
 
1 Electrical Machines for Traction and Propulsion Applications 1
Ayman M. EL-Refaie
 
1.1 Introduction 1
 
1.2 Light-Duty Vehicles 1
 
1.3 Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles 7
 
1.4 Off-Highway Vehicles 9
 
1.5 Locomotives 9
 
1.6 Ship Propulsion 10
 
1.7 High Specific Torque/Power Electrical Machines 13
 
1.7.1 Electrical Machines for Land Vehicles 13
 
1.7.2 Electrical Machines for Aerospace Applications 15
 
1.7.3 Key System Tradeoffs and Considerations 21
 
1.7.3.1 Specific Power vs Efficiency 21
 
1.7.3.2 Fault Tolerance 21
 
1.7.3.3 System Voltage 21
 
1.7.3.4 Machine Controllability 22
 
1.8 How Does the Future Look Like? 22
 
References 25
 
2 Advances and Developments in Batteries and Charging Technologies 27
Satish Chikkannanavar and Gunho Kwak
 
2.1 Introduction 27
 
2.2 Advances in Cathodes/Anodes Covering Energy Density Increase for EV Applications 27
 
2.2.1 Cathode Challenges for High Energy Density 28
 
2.2.2 Anode Challenges for High Energy Density 30
 
2.3 High Power/Energy Cell Designs for xEVs 31
 
2.4 Post Li-Ion Batteries: Solid-State Batteries 32
 
2.4.1 Roadmap and Collaborative Relationships 33
 
2.4.2 Current Development Status and Key Challenges 33
 
2.5 Advances in Charging Batteries 36
 
2.5.1 Methods of Fast Charging Batteries 36
 
2.5.2 Li Plating Effects 37
 
2.5.3 Overcharge Induced Thermal Runaway 38
 
2.6 Degradation Considerations 40
 
2.7 Future Outlook 42
 
Acronyms 43
 
References 43
 
3 Applications of Wide Bandgap (WBG) Devices in the Transportation Sector. Recent Advances in (WBG) Semiconductor Material (e.g. Silicon Carbide and Gallium Nitride) and Circuit Topologies 47
Amir Ranjbar
 
3.1 History of Semiconductor Technology Evolution 47
 
3.2 Semiconductor Technologies for Transportation Electrification 49
 
3.2.1 Trends in Transportation Electrification 49
 
3.3 Challenges Associated with GaNs in Practical Applications 53
 
3.3.1 Device Physics Level Challenges with GaNs 53
 
3.3.1.1 Electron Trapping 53
 
3.3.1.2 Gate Edge Degradation 54
 
3.3.1.3 Punch Through Current 54
 
3.3.1.4 Substrate Choice 54
 
3.3.2 Application Level Challenges with GaNs 55
 
3.3.2.1 GaN's Narrow Gate Voltage Margin 55
 
3.3.2.2 dv/dt Immunity and False Turn-On in GaN Devices 57
 
3.3.2.3 di/dt Immunity in GaNs 57
 
3.4 SiC-MOSFET Challenges in Transportation Electrification 58
 
3.4.1 Low Gain of SiC-MOSFETs 58
 
3.4.2 Fault Detection in SiC-MOSFETs 59
 
3.4.3 Driving SiC-MOSFETs 60
 
3.4.4 Maximum Gate Voltage Swing in SiC-MOSFETs 60
 
3.4.5 Layout Considerations 61
 
3.5 Advanced Power Module Packaging to Accommodate WBG Devices 61
 
3.5.1 Advanced Substrate Materials 63
 
3.5.2 Advanced Die Attach Methods 64
 
3.5.3 Interconnection 64
 
3.5.4 Advanced Encapsulation Materials 67
 
3.5.5 Advanced Cooling Methods 68
 
3.6 Summary 69
 
References 70
 
4 An Overview of Inductive Power Transfer Technology for Static and Dynamic EV Battery Charging 73
Ahmed A. S. Mohamed, Ahmed A. Shaier, and Hamid Metwally
 
4.1 Introduction 73
 
4.2 IPT System Components 74
 
4.3 Static IPT System 75
 
4.3.1 Coupler Components 76
 
4.3.2 Structures of Inductive Pad 78
 
4.3.3 R

About the author

Ahmed A. Mohamed, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City University of New York at City College. He is also Director of the Smart Grid Interdependencies Laboratory and Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, IEEE Access, and MDPI Energies. Ahmad Arshan Khan, PhD, is Director of Power Electronics and Electric Machines at CNH Industrial. Ahmed T. Elsayed, PhD, is a Senior Electrical Design and Analysis Engineer and Technical Lead with Boeing Defense, Space and Security (BDS). Mohamed A. Elshaer, is a Power Electronics Technical Expert in the Electrified Systems Engineering department of Ford Motor Company.

Summary

Transportation Electrification

Dive deep into the latest breakthroughs in electrified modes of transport

In Transportation Electrification, an accomplished team of researchers and industry experts delivers a unique synthesis of detailed analyses of recent breakthroughs in several modes of electric transportation and a holistic overview of how those advances can or cannot be applied to other modes of transportation. The editors include resources that examine electric aircraft, rolling stock, watercraft, and vehicle transportation types and comparatively determine their stages of development, distinctive and common barriers to advancement, challenges, gaps in technology, and possible solutions to developmental problems.

This book offers readers a breadth of foundational knowledge combined with a deep understanding of the issues afflicting each mode of transportation. It acts as a roadmap and policy framework for transportation companies to guide the electrification of transportation vessels.

Readers will benefit from an overview of key standards and regulations in the electrified transportation industry, as well as:
* A thorough introduction to the various modes of electric transportation, including recent advances in each mode, and the technological and policy challenges posed by them
* An exploration of different vehicle systems, including recent advanced in hybrid and EV powertrain architectures and advanced energy management strategies
* Discussions of electrified aircraft, including advanced technologies and architecture optimizations for cargo air vehicle, passenger air vehicles, and heavy lift vertical take-off and landing craft
* In-depth examinations of rolling stock and watercraft-type vehicles, and special vehicles, including various system architectures and energy storage systems relevant to each

Perfect for practicing professionals in the electric transport industry, Transportation Electrification is also a must-read resource for standardization body members, regulators, officials, policy makers, and undergraduate students in electrical and electronics engineering.

Product details

• Authors: Ahmed T. Elsayed, Mohamed A. Elshaer, Ahmad Arshan Khan, Mohamed, Aa Mohamed, Ahmed A. Mohamed, Ahmed A. Khan Mohamed
• Assisted by: Ahmad Arshan Khan (Editor), Ahmed T. Elsayed (Editor), Mohamed A. Elshaer (Editor), Ahmad Arshan Khan (Editor), Ahmed A. Mohamed (Editor), Ahmed T Elsayed et al (Editor)
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 31.12.2021
• EAN: 9781119812326
• ISBN: 978-1-119-81232-6
• No. of pages: 560
• Series: IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering; IEEE Press Series on Power and Energy Systems
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Technology > Electronics, electrical engineering, communications engineering; Energie, Verkehr, Elektroantrieb, Erneuerbare Energien, Elektrifizierung, ENERGY, smart grid, Renewable Energy, Transportation engineering, Bauingenieur- u. Bauwesen, Civil Engineering & Construction, Verkehrsbau