Power Flow Control Solutions for a Modern Grid Using Smart Power - Flow Controller

Power Flow Control Solutions for a Modern Grid using SMART Power Flow Controllers
 
Provides students and practicing engineers with the foundation required to perform studies of power system networks and mitigate unique power flow problems
 
Power Flow Control Solutions for a Modern Grid using SMART Power Flow Controllers is a clear and accessible introduction to power flow control in complex transmission systems. Starting with basic electrical engineering concepts and theory, the authors provide step-by-step explanations of the modeling techniques of various power flow controllers (PFCs), such as the voltage regulating transformer (VRT), the phase angle regulator (PAR), and the unified power flow controller (UPFC). The textbook covers the most up-to-date advancements in the Sen transformer (ST), including various forms of two-core designs and hybrid architectures for a wide variety of applications.
 
Beginning with an overview of the origin and development of modern power flow controllers, the authors explain each topic in straightforward engineering terms--corroborating theory with relevant mathematics. Throughout the text, easy-to-understand chapters present characteristic equations of various power flow controllers, explain modeling in the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP), compare transformer-based and mechanically-switched PFCs, discuss grid congestion and power flow limitations, and more. This comprehensive textbook:
* Describes why effective Power Flow Controllers should be viewed as impedance regulators
* Provides computer simulation codes of the various power flow controllers in the EMTP programming language
* Contains numerous worked examples and data cases to clarify complex issues
* Includes results from the simulation study of an actual network
* Features models based on the real-world experiences the authors, co-inventors of first-generation FACTS controllers
 
Written by two acknowledged leaders in the field, Power Flow Control Solutions for a Modern Grid using SMART Power Flow Controllers is an ideal textbook for graduate students in electrical engineering, and a must-read for power engineering practitioners, regulators, and researchers.

List of contents

Authors' Biographies xiii
 
Foreword xv
 
Nomenclature xix
 
Preface xxv
 
Acknowledgments xxix
 
About the Companion Website xxxi
 
1 Smart Controllers 1
 
1.1 Why is a Power Flow Controller Needed? 1
 
1.2 Traditional Power Flow Control Concepts 5
 
1.3 Modern Power Flow Control Concepts 14
 
1.4 Cost of a Solution 22
 
1.4.1 Defining a Cost-Effective Solution 22
 
1.4.2 Payback Time 24
 
1.4.3 Economic Analysis 24
 
1.5 Independent Active and Reactive PFCs 26
 
1.6 SMART Power Flow Controller (SPFC) 39
 
1.6.1 Example of an SPFC 40
 
1.6.2 Justification 41
 
1.6.3 Additional Information 41
 
1.7 Discussion 42
 
2 Power Flow Control Concepts 45
 
2.1 Power Flow Equations for a Natural or Uncompensated Line 60
 
2.2 Power Flow Equations for a Compensated Line 63
 
2.2.1 Shunt-Compensating Voltage 67
 
2.2.1.1 Power Flow at the Modified Sending End with a Shunt-Compensating Voltage 70
 
2.2.1.2 Power Flow at the Receiving End with a Shunt-Compensating Voltage 73
 
2.2.1.3 Exchanged Power by a Shunt-Compensating Voltage 79
 
2.2.1.4 Representation of a Shunt-Compensating Voltage as a Shunt-Compensating Impedance 79
 
2.2.2 Series-Compensating Voltage as an Impedance Regulator, Voltage Regulator, and Phase Angle Regulator (Asymmetric) 80
 
2.2.2.1 Power Flow at the Sending End with a Series-Compensating Voltage 92
 
2.2.2.2 Power Flow at the Receiving End with a Series-Compensating Voltage 95
 
2.2.2.3 Power Flow at the Modified Sending End with a Series-Compensating Voltage 100
 
2.2.2.4 Exchanged Power by a Series-Compensating Voltage 109
 
2.2.2.5 Additional Series-Compensating Voltages 126
 
2.2.2.5.1 Phase Angle Regulator (Symmetric) 126
 
2.2.2.5.2 Reactance Regulator 129
 
2.2.2.5.2.1 Reactance Control Method 137
 
2.2.2.5.2.2 Voltage Control Method 139
 
2.2.2.6 Representation of a Series-Compensating Voltage as a Series-Compensating Impedance 145
 
2.2.2.6.1 Equivalent Impedance of a Voltage Regulator (VR) 152
 
2.2.2.6.2 Equivalent Impedance of a Phase Angle Regulator (Asymmetric) 154
 
2.2.2.6.3 Equivalent Impedance of a Phase Angle Regulator (Symmetric) 157
 
2.2.2.6.4 Equivalent Impedance of a Reactance Regulator 160
 
2.2.3 Comparison Between Series- and Shunt-Compensating Voltages 165
 
2.3 Implementation of Power Flow Control Concepts 168
 
2.3.1 Voltage Regulation 168
 
2.3.1.1 Direct Method 168
 
2.3.1.2 Indirect Method 170
 
2.3.2 Phase Angle Regulation 173
 
2.3.2.1 Single-core Phase Angle Regulator 173
 
2.3.2.2 Dual-core Phase Angle Regulator 176
 
2.3.3 Series Reactance Regulation 178
 
2.3.3.1 Direct Method 178
 
2.3.3.2 Indirect Method 178
 
2.3.4 Impedance Regulation 179
 
2.3.4.1 Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) 181
 
2.3.4.2 Sen Transformer (ST) 183
 
2.4 Interline Power Flow Concept 185
 
2.4.1 Back-to-Back SSSC 186
 
2.4.2 Multiline Sen Transformer (MST) 188
 
2.4.3 Back-to-Back STATCOM 192
 
2.4.4 Generalized Power Flow Controller 194
 
2.5 Figure of Merits Among Various PFCs 196
 
2.5.1 VR 196
 
2.5.2 PAR (sym) 196
 
2.5.3 PAR (asym) 198
 
2.5.4 RR 202
 
2.5.5 IR 204
 
2.5.6 RPI, LI, and APR of a PFC 206
 
2.6 Comparison Between Shunt-Compensating Reactance and Series-Compensating Reactance 228
 
2.6.1 Shunt-Compensating Reactance 230

About the author

Kalyan K. Sen, PhD, PE (PA & NY), MBA, IEEE Fellow, is President and Chief Technology Officer at Sen Engineering Solutions, Inc. He was a key member of the FACTS development team at Westinghouse Science & Technology Center, where he developed some of the basic concepts of FACTS technology. He is an IEEE Distinguished Lecturer, and is the co-author of Introduction to FACTS Controllers: Theory, Modeling, and Applications.
Mey Ling Sen, MEE, IEEE Member, is Chief Operating Officer at Sen Engineering Solutions, Inc. Previously, she was a consultant engineer at the Westinghouse Electro-Mechanical Division Technology Center. Ms. Sen is the co-inventor of the Sen transformer, which is the most efficient, reliable, and cost-effective SMART power flow controller (SPFC).

Summary

Power Flow Control Solutions for a Modern Grid using SMART Power Flow Controllers

Provides students and practicing engineers with the foundation required to perform studies of power system networks and mitigate unique power flow problems

Power Flow Control Solutions for a Modern Grid using SMART Power Flow Controllers is a clear and accessible introduction to power flow control in complex transmission systems. Starting with basic electrical engineering concepts and theory, the authors provide step-by-step explanations of the modeling techniques of various power flow controllers (PFCs), such as the voltage regulating transformer (VRT), the phase angle regulator (PAR), and the unified power flow controller (UPFC). The textbook covers the most up-to-date advancements in the Sen transformer (ST), including various forms of two-core designs and hybrid architectures for a wide variety of applications.

Beginning with an overview of the origin and development of modern power flow controllers, the authors explain each topic in straightforward engineering terms--corroborating theory with relevant mathematics. Throughout the text, easy-to-understand chapters present characteristic equations of various power flow controllers, explain modeling in the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP), compare transformer-based and mechanically-switched PFCs, discuss grid congestion and power flow limitations, and more. This comprehensive textbook:
* Describes why effective Power Flow Controllers should be viewed as impedance regulators
* Provides computer simulation codes of the various power flow controllers in the EMTP programming language
* Contains numerous worked examples and data cases to clarify complex issues
* Includes results from the simulation study of an actual network
* Features models based on the real-world experiences the authors, co-inventors of first-generation FACTS controllers

Written by two acknowledged leaders in the field, Power Flow Control Solutions for a Modern Grid using SMART Power Flow Controllers is an ideal textbook for graduate students in electrical engineering, and a must-read for power engineering practitioners, regulators, and researchers.

Product details

• Authors: Kalyan Sen, Kalyan K Sen, Kalyan K. Sen, Kalyan K. Sen Sen, KK Sen, Mey Ling Sen, Sen Kalyan K., Sen Mey Ling
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 31.12.2021
• EAN: 9781119824350
• ISBN: 978-1-119-82435-0
• No. of pages: 720
• Series: IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering; IEEE Press Series on Power and Energy Systems; IEEE Press Power and Energy Sy
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Technology > Electronics, electrical engineering, communications engineering; Energietechnik, Energie, Erneuerbare Energien, ENERGY, smart grid, Renewable Energy, Power Technology & Power Engineering