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Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements provides a well-founded, fundamental background in the theory and practice of engineering measurements. Designed to align with a variety of undergraduate course structures, the book offers a rigorous treatment of the subject with a flexible pedagogical framework for use in graduate studies, independent study, or professional reference. It integrates the necessary elements to conduct engineering measurements through the design of measurement systems and measurement test plans, with an emphasis on the role of statistics and uncertainty analyses in that process. This International Adaptation offers new or expanded material on several topics, mostly under Fundamentals of Measurement, Systematic and Random Errors and Standard Uncertainties, Sensors and Actuators. Along with extensive coverage of device selection, test procedures, measurement system performance, the book includes practical discussion on real-world methods and techniques. The current applications of measurement theory and design are presented with examples, case studies, and vignettes. The updated end-of-chapter material includes significant number of new problems.
List of contents
1 FUNDAMENTAL OF MEASUREMENTS
1.1 Introduction
1.2 General Measurement System
1.3 Experimental Test Plan
1.4 Calibration
1.5 Standards
1.6 Presenting Data
1.7 Loading Effects
1.8 Applications of Measurement Systems
Summary
Nomenclature
References
Problems
2 STATIC AND DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SIGNALS
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Input/Output Signal Concepts
2.3 Signal Analysis
2.4 Signal Amplitude and Frequency
2.5 Fourier Transform and the Frequency Spectrum
Summary
References
Suggested Reading
Nomenclature,
Problems
3 MEASUREMENT SYSTEM BEHAVIOR
3.1 Introduction,
3.2 General Model for a Measurement System
3.3 Special Cases of the General System Model
3.4 Transfer Functions
3.5 Phase Linearity
3.6 Multiple-Function Inputs
3.7 Coupled Systems
Summary
References
Nomenclature
Subscripts
Problems
4 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Statistical Measurement Theory
4.3 Describing the Behavior of a Population
4.4 Statistics of Finite-Sized Data Sets
4.5 Hypothesis Testing
4.6 Chi-Squared Distribution
4.7 Regression Analysis
4.8 Data Outlier Detection
4.9 Number of Measurements Required
4.10 Monte Carlo Simulations
4.11. Maximum Likelihood Theory
Summary
References
Nomenclature
Problems
5 ERRORS AND UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Measurement Errors
5.3 Design-Stage Uncertainty Analysis
5.4 Identifying Error Sources
5.5 Systematic and Random Errors and Standard Uncertainties
5.6 Uncertainty Analysis: Multi-Variable Error Propagation
5.7 Advanced-Stage Uncertainty Analysis
5.8 Multiple-Measurement Uncertainty Analysis
5.9 Correction for Correlated Errors
5.10 Nonsymmetrical Systematic Uncertainty Interval
Summary
References
Nomenclature
Problems
6 ANALOG ELECTRICAL DEVICES AND MEASUREMENTS
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Analog Devices: Current Measurements
6.3 Analog Devices: Voltage Measurements
6.4 Analog Devices: Resistance Measurements
6.5 Loading Errors and Impedance Matching
6.6 Analog Signal Conditioning: Amplifiers
6.7 Analog Signal Conditioning: Special-Purpose Circuits
6.8 Analog Signal Conditioning: Filters,
6.9 Grounds, Shielding, and Connecting Wires
Summary
References
Nomenclature
Problems
7 SAMPLING, DIGITAL DEVICES, AND DATA ACQUISITION
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Sampling Concepts
7.3 Digital Devices: Bits and Words
7.4 Transmitting Digital Numbers: High and Low Signals
7.5 Voltage Measurements
7.6 Data Acquisition Systems
7.7 Data Acquisition System Components
7.8 Analog Input-Output Communication
7.9 Digital Input-Output Communication
7.10 Digital Image Acquisition and Processing
Summary
References
Nomenclature
Problems
8 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Temperature Standards and Definition
8.3 Thermometry Based on Thermal Expan
