People Flow in Buildings

Discover how to measure, control, model, and plan people flow within modern buildings with this one-stop resource from a leading professional
 
People Flow in Buildings delivers a comprehensive and insightful description of people flow, analysis with software-based tools. The book offers readers an up-to-date overview of mathematical optimization methods used in control systems and transportation planning methods used to manage vertical and horizontal transportation.
 
The text offers a starting point for selecting the optimal transportation equipment for new buildings and those being modernized. It provides insight into making passenger journeys pleasant and smooth, while providing readers with an examination of how modern trends in building usage, like increasingly tall buildings and COVID-19, effect people flow planning in buildings.
 
People Flow in Buildings clearly defines the terms and symbols it includes and then moves on to deal with the measurement, control, modelling, and planning of people flow within buildings of all kinds. Each chapter contains an introduction describing its contents and the background of the subject. Included appendices describe measured passenger data and performed analyses.
 
Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of:
* A thorough introduction to people-counting methods, including counting technology inside and outside buildings, passenger traffic components, and manual people-counting
* An examination of the passenger arrival process in building, including the Poisson arrival process and probability density function, and passenger arrivals in batches
* A consideration of daily vertical passenger traffic profiles, including two-way traffic profiles and the effects of inter-floor traffic
* An exploration of people flow solutions, including stairs, escalators, and elevators with collective and destination group control systems, as well as double-deck and multicar system
* People flow calculation and simulation models
* Elevator planning with ISO simulation method
* Elevator planning and evacuation of tall buildings
 
Perfect for software designers in the private sector and academia, People Flow in Buildings will also earn a place in the libraries of elevator consultants, manufacturers, and architects who seek a one-stop reference for transportation devices from a functional and design perspective, as opposed to a hardware perspective.

List of contents

Symbols and Abbreviations
 
Preface
 
Scope of the book
 
PART I
 
1. Building design population
 
1.1 Office building population
 
1.2 Number of inhabitants in residential buildings
 
1.3 Number of hotel guests
 
1.4 People arriving from parking areas
 
1.5 Population in hospitals
 
1.6 Other types of populated buildings
 
2. People counting methods
 
2.1. Counting technology inside and outside buildings
 
2.2. Passenger traffic components
 
2.3. Manual people-counting
 
2.4. Use of optical vision
 
2.5. Visitor-counting with photocell signals and infra-red beams
 
2.6. People-counting with access control system
 
2.7. Passenger-counting by load-weighing device
 
2.8. Elevator monitoring systems
 
2.9. External traffic measurement devices
 
2.10. Smart sensing and mobile computing
 
3. Passenger arrival process in buildings
 
3.1 Introduction
 
3.2 Poisson arrival process
 
3.2.1 Probability density function
 
3.2.2 Example of passenger arrivals through security cages
 
3.3 Passenger arrivals in batches
 
3.3.1 Batch arrivals in elevator lobbies
 
3.3.2 Batch arrivals in escalators
 
3.3.3 Observed batch size distributions in several building types
 
3.3.4 Batch size variation in elevator lobbies during the day
 
3.3.5 Modelling of batch size distribution
 
4. Daily vertical passenger traffic profiles
 
4.1 Introduction
 
4.1 Vertical building traffic components
 
4.1 Two-way traffic profiles
 
4.1 Effect of inter-floor traffic
 
4.1 Occupancy in buildings
 
4.2 Passenger trips with elevators
 
4.3 People flow in office buildings
 
4.3.1 Traffic in offices
 
4.3.2 Observed daily two-way traffic profiles
 
4.3.3 Daily traffic profiles with interfloor traffic
 
4.4 People flow in hotels
 
4.4.1 Traffic in hotels
 
4.4.2 Daily traffic profiles in hotels
 
4.5 People flow in residential buildings
 
4.5.1 Traffic in residential buildings
 
4.5.2 Traffic profiles in residential buildings
 
4.6 People flow profiles in hospitals
 
4.6.1 Hospital traffic
 
4.6.2 Daily traffic in hospitals
 
4.7 People flow in commercial and public buildings
 
4.7.1 Traffic in commercial and public buildings
 
4.7.2 Daily people flow in escalators
 
4.7.3 Daily people flow in elevators in shopping centers
 
4.7.4 Duration of a visit in a shopping centre
 
4.7.5 People flow by GPS in public buildings
 
4.8 People flow on cruise ships
 
4.8.1 Traffic in cruisers
 
4.8.2 Daily traffic profiles for typical days
 
5. Monitored elevator traffic data
 
5.1 Introduction
 
5.2 Service quality parameters
 
5.3 Measured passenger service level
 
5.3.1 Measured passenger traffic with external device
 
5.3.2 Call time distribution
 
5.3.3 Waiting time distribution with destination control
 
5.3.4 Monthly service times
 
5.4 Measured elevator performance
 
5.4.1 Number of starts during a month
 
5.4.2 Correlation between cycle time and round trip time
 
Part II: People flow solutions
 
6. Historical overview
 
7. Push button control systems
 
7.1 Signal operation
 
7.2 Single-button collective control
 
7.3 Down collective control
 
7.4 Interconnected full collective control principle
 
8. Collective gr

About the author

Dr. Marja-Liisa Siikonen (née Jokela), PhD, is the CEO of MLS Lift Consulting. Earlier she worked as a Director of People Flow Planning in KONE Corporation, Finland. She received her M.Sc. in technical physics, and Lic.Sc. (Tech.) and D.Sc. (Tech.) degree in applied mathematics from the Helsinki University of Technology. She has published around 100 articles and holds 250 patents in the field of elevator control systems and energy consumption, elevator traffic planning, building traffic simulation and evacuation, and people flow in buildings.

Product details

• Authors: M Siikonen, Marja-Liisa Siikonen
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 30.09.2021
• EAN: 9781119545569
• ISBN: 978-1-119-54556-9
• No. of pages: 448
• Subjects: Humanities, art, music > Art > Architecture; Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Technology > Mechanical engineering, production engineering; Maschinenbau, Architektur, Architecture, Bauentwurf, Mechanical Engineering, Bauingenieur- u. Bauwesen, Civil Engineering & Construction, Mess- u. Regeltechnik, Control Process & Measurements, Building Design, Gebäudeunterhaltung, Dienstleistungen, Building Maintenance & Services