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In spite of long war (almost four decades) and security issues in Afghanistan, there are environmental and electricity shortage issues. The war and climate changes caused the drought, air and water pollution, deforestation, soil degradation, overgrazing, desertification, and over population in urban areas, for instance, Kabul city; the pollution always cover the city especially in winter when the wood and coal-fired space heaters provide the houses heating increase the pollution. Before the civil war, there was electric bus system in the Kabul city. The electricity grid is limited to the cities and province centers. The power demand is increasing year by year. However, all residents of the cities don't have access to the electricity, and there is load shading issue, especially in Kabul city. The primary source of the electricity supply is the insecure and expensive imported power from the neighboring countries. However, there is the tremendous potential of renewable energies in the country. The existence of domestic clean energy resources, environmental issues, and decrease of renewable technologies cost created demand for power generation form the renewable resources.
About the author
Fiz a minha pós-graduação em Ortodontia e Ortopedia Dentofacial no Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research. Este livro é dedicado aos meus pais que me apoiaram. Estou grata à minha orientadora, a Dra. Nameeta Kaur, e à co-orientadora, a Dra. Reena R Kumar, pelos seus esforços ilimitados.
