Real-Time Electromagnetic Transient Simulation of Ac-Dc Networks

Explore a comprehensive and state-of-the-art presentation of real-time electromagnetic transient simulation technology by leaders in the field
 
Real-Time Electromagnetic Transient Simulation of AC-DC Networks delivers a detailed exposition of field programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware based real-time electromagnetic transient (EMT) emulation for all fundamental equipment used in AC-DC power grids. The book focuses specifically on detailed device-level models for their hardware realization in a massively parallel and deeply pipelined manner as well as decomposition techniques for emulating large systems.
 
Each chapter contains fundamental concepts, apparatus models, solution algorithms, and hardware emulation to assist the reader in understanding the material contained within. Case studies are peppered throughout the book, ranging from small didactic test circuits to realistically sized large-scale AC-DC grids.
 
The book also provides introductions to FPGA and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) emulation procedures, and large-scale networks constructed by the foundational components described in earlier chapters. With a strong focus on high-voltage direct-current power transmission grid applications, Real-Time Electromagnetic Transient Simulation of AC-DC Networks covers both system-level and device-level mathematical models. Readers will also enjoy the inclusion of:
* A thorough introduction to field programmable gate array technology, including the evolution of FPGAs, technology trends, hardware architectures, and programming tools
* An exploration of classical power system components, e.g., linear and nonlinear passive power system components, transmission lines, power transformers, rotating machines, and protective relays
* A comprehensive discussion of power semiconductor switches and converters, i.e., AC-DC and DC-DC converters, and specific power electronic apparatus such as DC circuit breakers
* An examination of decomposition techniques used at the equipment-level as well as the large-scale system-level for real-time EMT emulation of AC-DC networks
* Chapters that are supported by simulation results from well-defined test cases and the corresponding system parameters are provided in the Appendix
 
Perfect for graduate students and professional engineers studying or working in electrical power engineering, Real-Time Electromagnetic Transient Simulation of AC-DC Networks will also earn a place in the libraries of simulation specialists, senior modeling and simulation engineers, planning and design engineers, and system studies engineers.

List of contents

About the Authors xix
 
Preface xxi
 
Acknowledgments xxv
 
List of Acronyms xxvii
 
1 Field Programmable Gate Arrays 1
 
1.1 Overview 1
 
1.1.1 FPGA Hardware Architecture 2
 
1.1.2 Configurable Logic Block 3
 
1.1.3 Block RAM 4
 
1.1.4 Digital Signal Processing Slice 4
 
1.2 Multiprocessing System-on-Chip Architecture 6
 
1.3 Communication 7
 
1.4 HIL Emulation 9
 
1.4.1 Vivado(r) High-Level Synthesis Tool 9
 
1.4.2 Vivado(r) Top-Level Design 11
 
1.4.3 Number Representation and Operations 13
 
1.4.4 FPGA Design Schemes 14
 
1.4.4.1 Pipeline Design Architecture 14
 
1.4.4.2 Parallel Design Architecture 14
 
1.4.5 FPGA Experiment 15
 
1.5 Summary 16
 
2 Hardware Emulation Building Blocks for Power System Components 17
 
2.1 Overview 17
 
2.2 Concept of HEBB 18
 
2.3 Numerical Integration 18
 
2.4 Linear Lumped Passive Elements 20
 
2.4.1 Model Formulation 20
 
2.4.1.1 Resistance R 20
 
2.4.1.2 Inductance L 20
 
2.4.1.3 Capacitance C 22
 
2.4.1.4 RL Branch 23
 
2.4.1.5 LC Branch 23
 
2.4.1.6 RLCG Branch 24
 
2.4.2 Hardware Emulation of Linear Lumped Passive Elements 26
 
2.5 Sources 27
 
2.5.1 Hardware Emulation of Sources 28
 
2.6 Switches 30
 
2.6.1 Hardware Emulation of Switches 30
 
2.7 Transmission Lines 32
 
2.7.1 Traveling Waves 32
 
2.7.2 Traveling Wave Model 35
 
2.7.2.1 Modal Transformation 36
 
2.7.3 Hardware Emulation of the TWM 39
 
2.7.3.1 Transformation Unit 39
 
2.7.3.2 Update Unit 39
 
2.7.4 Frequency Dependent Line Model 41
 
2.7.5 Hardware Emulation of FDLM 46
 
2.7.5.1 Convolution Unit 46
 
2.7.5.2 Update Unit 47
 
2.7.6 Universal Line Model 48
 
2.7.6.1 Frequency-Domain Formulation 48
 
2.7.6.2 Time-Domain Formulation 49
 
2.7.7 Hardware Emulation of the ULM 51
 
2.7.7.1 Update x Unit 52
 
2.7.7.2 Convolution Unit 52
 
2.7.7.3 Interpolation Unit 54
 
2.8 Network Solver 54
 
2.8.1 Hardware Emulation of Network Solver 55
 
2.8.2 Paralleled EMT Solution Algorithm 55
 
2.8.3 Main Control Module 58
 
2.8.4 Real-Time Emulation Case Study 59
 
2.9 Nonlinear Elements: Iterative Real-Time EMT Solver 63
 
2.9.1 Compensation Method 64
 
2.9.2 Newton-Raphson Method 65
 
2.9.3 Hardware Emulation of Nonlinear Solver 67
 
2.9.3.1 Nonlinear Function Evaluation 68
 
2.9.3.2 Parallel Calculation of J and F(ikm) 68
 
2.9.3.3 Parallel Gauss-Jordan Elimination 71
 
2.9.3.4 Computing vc 71
 
2.9.4 Case Studies 71
 
2.10 Summary 77
 
3 Power Transformers 79
 
3.1 Overview 79
 
3.2 Nonlinear Admittance-Based Real-Time Transformer Model 80
 
3.2.1 Linear Model Formulation 80
 
3.2.2 Linear Module Hardware Design 82
 
3.2.3 Inode Unit Module 84
 
3.2.4 Nonlinear Model Solution 85
 
3.2.4.1 Preisach Hysteresis Model 88
 
3.2.4.2 Nonlinear Module Hardware Design 89
 
3.2.5 Frequency-Dependent Eddy Current Model 90
 
3.2.6 Hardware Emulation of Power Transformer 91
 
3.2.7 Real-Time Emulation Case Studies 94
 
3.2.7.1 Case I 94
 
3.2.7.2 Case II 99
 
3.3 Nonlinear Magnetic Equivalent Circuit Based Real-time Multi-Winding Transformer Model 100
 
3.3.1 Topological ST EMT Model 102
 
3.3.1.1 ST Opera

About the author

Venkata Dinavahi, PhD, PEng, FIEEE, is a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. He received the BEng degree from the Visveswaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Nagpur, India, in 1993, the MTech degree from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, India, in 1996, and a PhD in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in 2000. He was the founding chair of the IEEE Power & Energy Society (PES) Task Force on Interfacing Techniques for Simulation Tools from 2006-2014. He contributed to several IEEE PES Working Groups and Task Forces notably in the Analytical Methods for Power Systems (AMPS) committee. He is a Fellow of IEEE, a member of CIGRÉ and a Professional Engineer in the Province of Alberta. He was the recipient of the 2018 Outstanding Engineer Award from the IEEE PES/IAS Northern Canada Chapter.
Ning Lin, PhD, is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of Alberta. He received the BSc and MSc degrees in Electrical Engineering from Zhejiang University, China, in 2008 and 2011, respectively, and a PhD in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Alberta, Canada, in 2018. From 2011 to 2014, he worked as an engineer on power system automation, flexible AC transmission system (FACTS), and high-voltage direct current (HVDC). His research interests include electromagnetic transient simulation, transient stability analysis, real-time simulation, AC/DC grids, parallel processing, and high-performance computing of power systems and power electronics.

Summary

Explore a comprehensive and state-of-the-art presentation of real-time electromagnetic transient simulation technology by leaders in the field

Real-Time Electromagnetic Transient Simulation of AC-DC Networks delivers a detailed exposition of field programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware based real-time electromagnetic transient (EMT) emulation for all fundamental equipment used in AC-DC power grids. The book focuses specifically on detailed device-level models for their hardware realization in a massively parallel and deeply pipelined manner as well as decomposition techniques for emulating large systems.

Each chapter contains fundamental concepts, apparatus models, solution algorithms, and hardware emulation to assist the reader in understanding the material contained within. Case studies are peppered throughout the book, ranging from small didactic test circuits to realistically sized large-scale AC-DC grids.

The book also provides introductions to FPGA and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) emulation procedures, and large-scale networks constructed by the foundational components described in earlier chapters. With a strong focus on high-voltage direct-current power transmission grid applications, Real-Time Electromagnetic Transient Simulation of AC-DC Networks covers both system-level and device-level mathematical models. Readers will also enjoy the inclusion of:
* A thorough introduction to field programmable gate array technology, including the evolution of FPGAs, technology trends, hardware architectures, and programming tools
* An exploration of classical power system components, e.g., linear and nonlinear passive power system components, transmission lines, power transformers, rotating machines, and protective relays
* A comprehensive discussion of power semiconductor switches and converters, i.e., AC-DC and DC-DC converters, and specific power electronic apparatus such as DC circuit breakers
* An examination of decomposition techniques used at the equipment-level as well as the large-scale system-level for real-time EMT emulation of AC-DC networks
* Chapters that are supported by simulation results from well-defined test cases and the corresponding system parameters are provided in the Appendix

Perfect for graduate students and professional engineers studying or working in electrical power engineering, Real-Time Electromagnetic Transient Simulation of AC-DC Networks will also earn a place in the libraries of simulation specialists, senior modeling and simulation engineers, planning and design engineers, and system studies engineers.

Product details

• Authors: V Dinavahi, Venkat Dinavahi, Venkata Dinavahi, Venkata Lin Dinavahi, Ning Lin, Lin Ning
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 31.07.2021
• EAN: 9781119695448
• ISBN: 978-1-119-69544-8
• No. of pages: 608
• Series: IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering; IEEE Press Power Engineering; IEEE Press Series on Power and Energy Systems
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Technology > Electronics, electrical engineering, communications engineering; Energie, Leistungselektronik, ENERGY, smart grid, Elektrische Energietechnik, Power electronics, Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Elektrotechnik u. Elektronik, Electric Power Systems