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With the public enhanced awareness towards eco-preservation, eco-safety and health concerns, environmentally benign, nontoxic and sustainable bioresource materials produced mainly from non-food crops have revolutionized all industrial sectors particularly textile industry. In recent years, textile industries in developed countries are getting increasing interest in global interest due to the varied and changing world market conditions in terms of price, durability and fiber mixtures as well as design, colors, weight, ease of handling and product safety. The increasing environmental and health concerns owing to the use of large quantities of water and hazardous chemicals in conventional textile finishing processes lead to the design and development of new dyeing strategies and technologies. Effluents produced from these textiles wet processing industries are very diverse in chemical composition, ranging from inorganic finishing agents, surfactants, chlorine compounds, salts, total phosphate to polymers and organic products.
This aspect forced western countries to exploit their high technical skills in the advancements of textile materials for high quality technical performances, and development of cleaner production technologies for cost effective and value-added textile materials. Therefore, vast and effective research investigations have been undertaken all over the world to minimize the negative environmental impact of synthetic chemical agents through the sustainable harvest of eco-friendly bioresource materials.
The book will discuss following research developments in academic and industry:
* Improvement in dye extraction and its applications
* Impact of textile dyeing on environment
* Textile finishing by natural and ecofriendly means
* Natural dyes as environmental-friendly bioresource products
* Textile effluent remediation via physical, chemical and biological processes.
List of contents
Preface xv
1 Eco-Friendly Stimuli and Their Impact on the Tinctorial Capacity of Textile Materials 1
Vasilica Popescu and Luminita Ciobanu
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Characterization of Ultrasound Physical Stimuli 2
1.2.1 Ultrasonic Equipment 3
1.2.2 Effects of Ultrasound in Liquid Mediums 4
1.2.3 Types of Ultrasound Cavitation 6
1.2.4 The Action of Ultrasound on Polymers 7
1.2.5 Applications of Ultrasound in Textile Finishing 8
1.2.5.1 Ultrasound-Assisted Washing of Textile Materials 9
1.2.5.2 Ultrasound-Assisted Pre-Treatments (Scouring, Bleaching) 9
1.2.5.3 Ultrasound as Physical Stimulus for Textile Dyeing 11
1.2.5.4 Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Dyeing Using Natural Dyes 11
1.2.5.5 Ultrasound-Assisted Dyeing Using Synthetic Dyes 13
1.2.5.6 Ultrasound-Assisted Aftertreatments 25
1.2.5.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Ultrasound 25
1.3 Microwave as Stimulus for the Textile Wet Processes 26
1.3.1 Characterization of Microwaves 26
1.3.2 Applications of Microwaves 26
1.3.3 Microwave Ovens 27
1.3.3.1 Working Principle of the Microwave Oven 27
1.3.4 Microwaves Working Principle for Wet Processes in the Textile Industry 28
1.3.5 Factors and Analyses that Highlight the Effects of Microwaves on Textile Wet Processes 29
1.3.6 Eco-Friendly Microwave-Assisted Dyeing Process of Acrylic Knitted Fabrics 30
1.3.6.1 Characterization of the Stages of the Eco-Friendly Microwave-Assisted Process 31
1.3.6.2 Modifications of Acrylic Fibers under the Action of Microwaves 33
1.4 Conclusions 38
References 39
2 Skincare Finishes to Textiles 45
Angela Danila and Laura Chirila
2.1 Introduction 45
2.2 Types of Skincare Textiles 48
2.2.1 Textiles with UV Protection Properties 48
2.2.2 Textiles With Antimicrobial Properties 50
2.2.3 Textiles with Anti-Cellulite Properties 51
2.2.4 Textiles with Antioxidant Properties 52
2.2.5 Textiles With Anti-Aging Properties 54
2.2.6 Textiles With Moisturizing Properties 55
2.2.7 Textiles With Flavoring Properties 57
2.2.8 Textiles With Refreshing and Relaxing Properties 73
2.3 Techniques for Skincare Compounds Embedding 74
2.4 Techniques for Microparticles Applying on Textile Supports 76
2.5 Conclusion 79
References 79
3 Recent Advances in Synthetic Dyes 91
Suhail Ayoub Khan, Daud Hussain and Tabrez Alam Khan
3.1 Introduction 91
3.2 Synthetic Dyes in Textile Coloration 92
3.3 Synthetic Dyes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 99
3.4 Synthetic Dyes in Liquid Crystal Display 102
3.5 Synthetic Dyes in Fluorescent Sensors 105
3.6 Synthetic Dyes in the Detection of G-Quadruplex DNA 106
3.7 Conclusion 107
References 107
4 Natural Dye Extraction and Dyeing of Different Fibers: A Review 113
Bota, Sanda and Indrie, Liliana
4.1 Introduction 114
4.2 Classification of Natural Dyes 116
4.2.1 Sources of Natural Dye 117
4.2.2 Classification According to Method of Application 117
4.2.3 Based in Chemical Structure 118
4.3 Color-Based Classification 122
4.4 Dyeing With Natural Color From Calendula offcinalis 124
4.5 Extraction of Natural Dyes 125
4.6 Dyeing Methods 127
4.6.1 Mordanting Methods 127
4.6.2 Dyeing Methods 130
4.7 Conclusions 131
References 131
5 Airflow, Foam, and Supercr
