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Over the past few years, a notable increase in antibiotic resistance among gram negative bacteria recovered from hospitalized patients has been reported, especially for critically ill patients. Infections caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) gram negative bacteria, especially MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) have been associated with increased morbidity, mortality and costs. Multidrug-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa are often isolated among patients suffering from nosocomial infections. P. aeruginosa exhibits very high level of antimicrobial resistance which makes its infection extremely challenging to treat. This study generally focused on two different aspects with regards to P. aeruginosa. The first being the mechanisms of development of antimicrobial resistance, emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. The second aspect was to develop rapid methods in order to identify and detect the antibiotic resistance genes. This result is significant for the better understanding of antimicrobial resistance and the genes which are involves for the mechanism of development of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa.
