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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a clinical condition marked by an increase in size of the prostate gland. Frequent urination, inability to urinate and loss of bladder control are certain symptoms of BPH. The underlying mechanism responsible for the appearance of these symptoms is the enlarged prostate pressing on to the urethra. This makes the passage of urine out of the bladder difficult. Obesity, type 2 diabetes, family history and erectile dysfunction are certain risk factors. If BPH is not resolved, it may lead to urinary tract infections. The diagnosis of BPH is based on a rectal exam, a history of lower urinary tract symptoms, and an exclusion of other conditions with similar symptoms. Kidney function tests and prostate specific antigen allows kidney damage and prostate cancer to be evaluated. The management of this condition requires certain lifestyle alterations, such as moderating the consumption of caffeine products and alcohol, decreasing fluid intake before bedtime, increasing physical activity, among others. If the problem is not solved through medication, a transurethral resection of the prostate or a prostatic artery embolization may be needed. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to diagnosis and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Through this book, we attempt to further enlighten the readers about the new concepts in clinical urology.
