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"Chapter 1 The Evolving Role of Public R&D and Public Research Institutions in Innovation Suma Athreye and Sacha Wunsch-Vincent1 1.1 The growth in policies to leverage public R&D 1.1.1 Why invest in public R&D? Science has consistently been shown to be a fundamental driver of technological progress and economic growth and a source of innovation to the business sector (Jaffe 1989; Adams 1990; Cohen et al. 2002). Its importance for economic progress has grown due to an increase in the role of knowledge as a driver of competitiveness in global markets and from emerging technologies that have opened up new opportunities for development"--
List of contents
Part I. Setting the Context: 1. The evolving role of public R&D and public research institutions in innovation Suma Athreye, Sacha Wunsch-Vincent; 1.1. Comment Fabio Montobbio; 1.2. Comment Lien Verbauwhede Koglin; 2. Evaluating knowledge transfer policies and practices: conceptual framework and metrics Anthony Arundel and Sacha Wunsch-Vincent; 2.1. Comment Bhaven Sampat; 2.2. Comment Ragan Robertson; 2.3. Comment Rosemary Wolson; 3. Measuring global patenting of universities and public research organizations Juan Yang, Intan Hamdan-Livramento, Bruno Le Feuvre, Sacha Wunsch-Vincent and Hao Zhou; Part II. Selected Comparative Country Studies; 4. United Kingdom Federica Rossi, Suma Athreye; 5. Germany Dirk Czarnitzki, Georg Licht; 6. Republic of Korea Keun Lee, Hochul Shin; 7. Brazil Fernanda De Negri, Cristiane Vianna Rauen; 8. China Baoming Chen, Can Huang, Chunyan Peng, Minglei Ding, Ning Huang, Xia Liu and Juan Yang; 9. South Africa Michael Kahn; Part III. The Way Forward: 10. Policies and practices for supporting successful knowledge transfer from public research to firms Anthony Arundel; 10.1. Comment Henri J. M. Theunissen; 10.2. Comment Kerry Faul; 11. Policy recommendations: aiming for effective knowledge transfer policies in high- and middle-income countries Suma Athreye, Federica Rossi; 11.1. Comment Antenor Cesar Vanderlei Corrêa, Fernanda Magalhães; 11.2. Comment Si Kyong Sung; 12. Toward a comprehensive set of metrics for knowledge transfer Anthony Arundel, Nordine Es-Sadki; 12.1. Comment Philippe Kuhutama Mawoko; 12.2. Comment Giancarlo Caratti; 12.3. Comment Amit Shovon Ray.
About the author
Anthony Arundel is a Professorial Fellow at United Nations University – Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology and concurrently an Adjunct Professor of Innovation at the University of Tasmania in Hobart, Australia. He is an expert in the design, implementation and analysis of innovation surveys. His research interests cover innovation measurement, innovation methods and strategies in both the public and private sectors, knowledge transfer and environmental innovation.Suma Athreye is Professor of Technology Strategy at Essex Business School, London. She has worked on several areas of technology management, including research on the technology-related activities of multinational enterprises, as well as the technology licensing behaviour of firms. Her recent work has been on the incentive effect of patents on firm profits and R&D, the role of technology leadership in encouraging patenting in open innovation contexts and more recently on the barriers to the use of formal protection methods among UK firms.Sacha Wunsch-Vincent is Head of Section in the Department for Economics and Data Analytics at the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in Geneva and is co-editor of the Global Innovation Index. His previous roles include being an economist at the OECD Directorate for Science, Technology, and Industry, and Swiss National Science Fellow at the Berkeley Center for Law and Technology, and the Peterson Institute for International Economics (Washington, DC).
Summary
Universities and public research institutes play a key role in enabling the application of scientific breakthroughs and innovations in the marketplace. This book, available also as Open Access, suggests the most effective policies to support the transfer of knowledge to firms in order to boost economic growth and foster innovation.
