Introduction to the Physics and Techniques of Remote Sensing

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHYSICS AND TECHNIQUES OF REMOTE SENSING
 
DISCOVER CUTTING EDGE THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF MODERN REMOTE SENSING IN GEOLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE, IONOSPHERIC STUDIES, AND MORE
 
The thoroughly revised third edition of the Introduction to the Physics and Techniques of Remote Sensing delivers a comprehensive update to the authoritative textbook, offering readers new sections on radar interferometry, radar stereo, and planetary radar. It explores new techniques in imaging spectroscopy and large optics used in Earth orbiting, planetary, and astrophysics missions. It also describes remote sensing instruments on, as well as data acquired with, the most recent Earth and space missions.
 
Readers will benefit from the brand new and up-to-date concept examples and full-color photography, 50% of which is new to the series. You'll learn about the basic physics of wave/matter interactions, techniques of remote sensing across the electromagnetic spectrum (from ultraviolet to microwave), and the concepts behind the remote sensing techniques used today and those planned for the future.
 
The book also discusses the applications of remote sensing for a wide variety of earth and planetary atmosphere and surface sciences, like geology, oceanography, resource observation, atmospheric sciences, and ionospheric studies. This new edition also incorporates:
* A fulsome introduction to the nature and properties of electromagnetic waves
* An exploration of sensing solid surfaces in the visible and near infrared spectrums, as well as thermal infrared, microwave, and radio frequencies
* A treatment of ocean surface sensing, including ocean surface imaging and the mapping of ocean topography
* A discussion of the basic principles of atmospheric sensing and radiative transfer, including the radiative transfer equation
 
Perfect for senior undergraduate and graduate students in the field of remote sensing instrument development, data analysis, and data utilization, Introduction to the Physics and Techniques of Remote Sensing will also earn a place in the libraries of students, faculty, researchers, engineers, and practitioners in fields like aerospace, electrical engineering, and astronomy.

List of contents

Preface xv
 
1 Introduction 1
 
1.1 Types and Classes of Remote Sensing Data 1
 
1.2 Brief History of Remote Sensing 6
 
1.3 Remote Sensing Space Platforms 13
 
1.4 Transmission Through the Earth and Planetary Atmospheres 15
 
References and Further Reading 18
 
2 Nature and Properties of Electromagnetic Waves 19
 
2.1 Fundamental Properties of Electromagnetic Waves 19
 
2.1.1 Electromagnetic Spectrum 19
 
2.1.2 Maxwell's Equations 20
 
2.1.3 Wave Equation and Solution 21
 
2.1.4 Quantum Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation 21
 
2.1.5 Polarization 22
 
2.1.6 Coherency 25
 
2.1.7 Group and Phase Velocity 26
 
2.1.8 Doppler Effect 27
 
2.2 Nomenclature and Definition of Radiation Quantities 30
 
2.2.1 Radiation Quantities 30
 
2.2.2 Spectral Quantities 31
 
2.2.3 Luminous Quantities 32
 
2.3 Generation of Electromagnetic Radiation 32
 
2.4 Detection of Electromagnetic Radiation 34
 
2.5 Interaction of Electromagnetic Waves with Matter: Quick Overview 35
 
2.6 Interaction Mechanisms Throughout the Electromagnetic Spectrum 38
 
Exercises 42
 
References and Further Reading 43
 
3 Solid Surfaces Sensing in the Visible and Near Infrared 44
 
3.1 Source Spectral Characteristics 44
 
3.2 Wave-Surface Interaction Mechanisms 47
 
3.2.1 Reflection, Transmission, and Scattering 48
 
3.2.2 Vibrational Processes 51
 
3.2.3 Electronic Processes 54
 
3.2.4 Fluorescence 59
 
3.3 Signature of Solid Surface Materials 61
 
3.3.1 Signature of Geologic Materials 61
 
3.3.2 Signature of Biologic Materials 62
 
3.3.3 Depth of Penetration 67
 
3.4 Passive Imaging Sensors 70
 
3.4.1 Imaging Basics 70
 
3.4.2 Sensor Elements 71
 
3.4.3 Detectors 76
 
3.5 Types of Imaging Systems 81
 
3.6 Description of Some Visible/Infrared Imaging Sensors 84
 
3.6.1 Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) 84
 
3.6.2 Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) 87
 
3.6.3 Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) 89
 
3.6.4 Mars Exploration Rover Panchromatic Camera (Pancam) 90
 
3.6.5 Cassini Imaging Instrument 91
 
3.6.6 Juno Imaging System 93
 
3.6.7 Europa Imaging System 93
 
3.6.8 Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) 94
 
3.6.9 Chandrayaan Imaging Spectrometer M3 95
 
3.6.10 Sentinel Multispectral Imager 95
 
3.6.11 Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) 95
 
3.7 Active Sensors 96
 
3.8 Surface Sensing at Very Short Wavelengths 97
 
3.8.1 Radiation Sources 98
 
3.8.2 Detection 98
 
3.9 Image Data Analysis 99
 
3.9.1 Detection and Delineation 100
 
3.9.2 Classification 107
 
3.9.3 Identification 110
 
Exercises 113
 
References and Further Reading 117
 
4 Solid-Surface Sensing: Thermal Infrared 121
 
4.1 Thermal Radiation Laws 121
 
4.1.1 Emissivity of Natural Terrain 123
 
4.1.2 Emissivity from the Sun and Planetary Surfaces 124
 
4.2 Heat Conduction Theory 126
 
4.3 Effect of Periodic Heating 128
 
4.4 Use of Thermal Emission in Surface Remote Sensing 131
 
4.4.1 Surface Heating by the Sun 131
 
4.4.2 Effect of Surface Cover 133
 
4.4.3 Separation of Surface Units Based on Their Thermal Signature 135
 
4.4.4 Example of Application in Geology 135
 
4.4.5 Effects of Clouds on Thermal Infrared

About the author

CHARLES ELACHI, PHD, is a Professor of electrical engineering and planetary science at Caltech. He was the Director of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory from 2001 to 2016. He played the leading role in the development of five Earth Orbiting Shuttle Imaging Radar missions and the Cassini Titan Radar mapping instrument. He taught the Physics of Remote Sensing at Caltech from 1982 to 2002.
JAKOB VAN ZYL, PHD, occupied numerous leadership positions at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory including the Radar Section, Planetary Exploration Program, Astronomy and Physics Program and as the Associate Director for advanced missions. He taught the Physics of Remote Sensing at Caltech from 2002 to 2020.

Summary

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHYSICS AND TECHNIQUES OF REMOTE SENSING

DISCOVER CUTTING EDGE THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF MODERN REMOTE SENSING IN GEOLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE, IONOSPHERIC STUDIES, AND MORE

The thoroughly revised third edition of the Introduction to the Physics and Techniques of Remote Sensing delivers a comprehensive update to the authoritative textbook, offering readers new sections on radar interferometry, radar stereo, and planetary radar. It explores new techniques in imaging spectroscopy and large optics used in Earth orbiting, planetary, and astrophysics missions. It also describes remote sensing instruments on, as well as data acquired with, the most recent Earth and space missions.

Readers will benefit from the brand new and up-to-date concept examples and full-color photography, 50% of which is new to the series. You'll learn about the basic physics of wave/matter interactions, techniques of remote sensing across the electromagnetic spectrum (from ultraviolet to microwave), and the concepts behind the remote sensing techniques used today and those planned for the future.

The book also discusses the applications of remote sensing for a wide variety of earth and planetary atmosphere and surface sciences, like geology, oceanography, resource observation, atmospheric sciences, and ionospheric studies. This new edition also incorporates:
* A fulsome introduction to the nature and properties of electromagnetic waves
* An exploration of sensing solid surfaces in the visible and near infrared spectrums, as well as thermal infrared, microwave, and radio frequencies
* A treatment of ocean surface sensing, including ocean surface imaging and the mapping of ocean topography
* A discussion of the basic principles of atmospheric sensing and radiative transfer, including the radiative transfer equation

Perfect for senior undergraduate and graduate students in the field of remote sensing instrument development, data analysis, and data utilization, Introduction to the Physics and Techniques of Remote Sensing will also earn a place in the libraries of students, faculty, researchers, engineers, and practitioners in fields like aerospace, electrical engineering, and astronomy.

Product details

• Authors: C Elachi, Charle Elachi, Charles Elachi, Charles (California Institute of Technolog Elachi, Charles Van Zyl Elachi, Elachi Charles, Jakob J van Zyl, Jakob J. Van Zyl, Jakob J. van Zyl
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 31.05.2021
• EAN: 9781119523017
• ISBN: 978-1-119-52301-7
• No. of pages: 560
• Series: Wiley Series in Remote Sensing and Image Processing; Wiley Remote Sensing and Image
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Technology > Electronics, electrical engineering, communications engineering; Fernerkundung, Remote sensing, Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Elektrotechnik u. Elektronik