Nano- And Biocatalysts for Biodiesel Production

Reviews recent advances in catalytic biodiesel synthesis, highlighting various nanocatalysts and nano(bio)catalysts developed for effective biodiesel production
 
Nano- and Biocatalysts for Biodiesel Production delivers an essential reference for academic and industrial researchers in biomass valorization and biofuel industries. The book covers both nanocatalysts and biocatalysts, bridging the gap between homogenous and heterogenous catalysis.
 
Readers will learn about the techno-economical and environmental aspects of biodiesel production using different feedstocks and catalysts. They will also discover how nano(bio)catalysts can be used as effective alternatives to conventional catalysts in biodiesel production due to their unique properties, including reusability, high activation energy and rate of reaction, easy recovery, and recyclability.
 
Readers will benefit from the inclusion of:
* Introductions to CaO nanocatalysts, zeolite nanocatalysts, titanium dioxide-based nanocatalysts and zinc-based in biodiesel production
* An exploration of carbon-based heterogeneous nanocatalysts for the production of biodiesel
* Practical discussions of bio-based nano catalysts for biodiesel production and the application of nanoporous materials as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production
* An analysis of the techno-economical considerations of biodiesel production using different feedstocks
 
Nano- and Biocatalysts for Biodiesel Production focuses on recent advances in the field and offers a complete and informative guide for academic researchers and industrial scientists working in the fields of biofuels and bioenergy, catalysis, biotechnology, bioengineering, nanotechnology, and materials science.

List of contents

Preface xv
 
List of Contributors xix
 
1 Biodiesel: Different Feedstocks, Conventional Methods, and Factors Affecting its Production 1
Hossein Esmaeili and Sajad Tamjidi
 
1.1 Introduction 1
 
1.2 Different Feedstocks for Biodiesel Production 3
 
1.2.1 Vegetable Sources 3
 
1.2.2 Waste Oils 3
 
1.2.3 Animal Fats 5
 
1.2.4 Microalga Oil 6
 
1.3 Conventional Methods of Biodiesel Production 8
 
1.3.1 Microemulsion 8
 
1.3.2 Pyrolysis or Thermal Cracking 8
 
1.3.3 Transesterification 8
 
1.4 Catalysts Used in Biodiesel Production 9
 
1.4.1 Homogeneous Catalysts 9
 
1.4.1.1 Homogeneous Alkaline Catalysts 9
 
1.4.1.2 Homogeneous Acidic Catalysts 9
 
1.4.2 Heterogeneous Catalysts 10
 
1.4.2.1 Heterogeneous Alkaline Catalysts 10
 
1.4.2.2 Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts 10
 
1.4.3 Enzymatic Catalysts 11
 
1.4.4 Nanocatalysts 12
 
1.5 Effects of Different Factors on Biodiesel Production Yield 15
 
1.5.1 Reaction Temperature 15
 
1.5.2 Alcohol to Oil Molar Ratio 16
 
1.5.3 Reaction Time 17
 
1.5.4 Catalyst Dosage 17
 
1.5.5 pH 17
 
1.5.6 Mixing Rate 17
 
1.5.7 Fatty Acids 18
 
1.5.8 Water Content 18
 
1.6 Physical Properties of Biodiesel 18
 
1.7 Conclusions 19
 
References 20
 
2 Nano(Bio)Catalysts: An Effective Tool to Utilize Waste Cooking Oil for the Biodiesel Production 31
Rushikesh Fopase, Swati Sharma and Lalit M. Pandey
 
2.1 Introduction 31
 
2.2 Waste Cooking Oils 33
 
2.3 Pretreatment of WCOs 33
 
2.4 Transesterification Process 34
 
2.4.1 Kinetics of Transesterification 36
 
2.5 Enzymatic Biocatalysts 37
 
2.5.1 Lipases 38
 
2.5.1.1 Extracellular Lipases 38
 
2.5.1.2 Intracellular Lipases 39
 
2.6 Enzyme Immobilization Techniques 41
 
2.7 Physical Methods 42
 
2.7.1 Adsorption 42
 
2.7.2 Encapsulation 45
 
2.7.3 Entrapment 46
 
2.8 Chemical Methods 47
 
2.8.1 Covalent Bonding 47
 
2.8.2 Cross-Linking 49
 
2.8.3 Summary 50
 
2.9 Conclusions 50
 
References 51
 
3 A Review on the Use of Bio/Nanostructured Heterogeneous Catalysts in Biodiesel Production 59
Samuel Santos, Jaime Puna, João Gomes and Jorge Marchetti
 
3.1 Introduction 59
 
3.2 Use of Micro- and Nanostructured Heterogeneous Catalysts in Biodiesel Production 62
 
3.2.1 Microstructured Heterogeneous Catalysts 62
 
3.2.1.1 Solid Acid Catalysts 62
 
3.2.1.2 Solid Base Catalysts 63
 
3.2.2 Nanostructured Heterogeneous Catalysts 65
 
3.2.2.1 Gas Condensation 65
 
3.2.2.2 Vacuum Deposition 65
 
3.2.2.3 Chemical Deposition 66
 
3.2.2.4 Sol-Gel Method 66
 
3.2.2.5 Impregnation 67
 
3.2.2.6 Nanogrinding 68
 
3.2.2.7 Calcination-Hydration-Dehydration 68
 
3.3 Enzymatic Catalysis 69
 
3.3.1 Heterogeneous Biocatalysts (Lipases) and Their Immobilization 69
 
3.3.1.1 Physical Adsorption 70
 
3.3.1.2 Entrapment 70
 
3.3.1.3 Covalent Bonding 71
 
3.3.1.4 Cross-Linking 72
 
3.3.2 Nano(Bio)Catalysts: Immobilization of Enzymes on Nanosupports 73
 
3.3.2.1 Nanoparticles 73
 
3.3.2.2 Carbon Nanotubes 75
 
3.3.2.3 Nanofibers 76
 
3.3.2.4 Nanocomposites 76
 
3.4 Conclusions 77
 
References 78
 
4 Calcium-Based Nanocatalysts in Biodiesel Production 93
Priti R. Pandit and Archit Mohapatra
&nbs

About the author

Avinash P. Ingle, PhD, is currently working as Ramanujan Fellow at Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra, India. His research focus is on nanobiotechnology and nano-biofuel technology and he has over 10 years of research experience in the field of nanotechnology.

Summary

Reviews recent advances in catalytic biodiesel synthesis, highlighting various nanocatalysts and nano(bio)catalysts developed for effective biodiesel production

Nano- and Biocatalysts for Biodiesel Production delivers an essential reference for academic and industrial researchers in biomass valorization and biofuel industries. The book covers both nanocatalysts and biocatalysts, bridging the gap between homogenous and heterogenous catalysis.

Readers will learn about the techno-economical and environmental aspects of biodiesel production using different feedstocks and catalysts. They will also discover how nano(bio)catalysts can be used as effective alternatives to conventional catalysts in biodiesel production due to their unique properties, including reusability, high activation energy and rate of reaction, easy recovery, and recyclability.

Readers will benefit from the inclusion of:
* Introductions to CaO nanocatalysts, zeolite nanocatalysts, titanium dioxide-based nanocatalysts and zinc-based in biodiesel production
* An exploration of carbon-based heterogeneous nanocatalysts for the production of biodiesel
* Practical discussions of bio-based nano catalysts for biodiesel production and the application of nanoporous materials as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production
* An analysis of the techno-economical considerations of biodiesel production using different feedstocks

Nano- and Biocatalysts for Biodiesel Production focuses on recent advances in the field and offers a complete and informative guide for academic researchers and industrial scientists working in the fields of biofuels and bioenergy, catalysis, biotechnology, bioengineering, nanotechnology, and materials science.

Product details

• Authors: Ap Ingle, Avinash P. Ingle, Avinash P. (Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi V Ingle
• Assisted by: Avinash P Ingle (Editor), Avinash P. Ingle (Editor), Avinas P Ingle (Editor), Avinash P Ingle (Editor)
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 30.06.2021
• EAN: 9781119730002
• ISBN: 978-1-119-73000-2
• No. of pages: 368
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Chemistry; Chemie, Nanotechnologie, Energie, ENERGY, Katalyse, Bioenergie, chemistry, Catalysis, BIOKATALYSE, bioenergy, Chemical Engineering, chemische Verfahrenstechnik, Katalyse u. Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Catalysis & Chemical Reaction Engineering