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Learn more about phytoremediation technology with this state-of-the-art resource from an internationally recognized editor and leader in his field
The Handbook of Assisted and Amendment-Enhanced Sustainable Remediation Technology discusses sustainable approaches to the removal of contaminants from the environment or the reduction of their toxicity. The distinguished editor has included resources from an internationally recognized group of academics who discuss strategies to increase the effectiveness of phytoremediation.
Special attention is paid to the use of organic amendments to facilitate soil cleanup and the growth of phytoremediation plants. The book includes discussions of new remediation technologies, global trends in the environmental remediation industry, and the future challenges and opportunities likely to arise in the short and long term.
The Handbook of Assisted and Amendment-Enhanced Sustainable Remediation Technology provides a compelling case for the cost-effectiveness, aesthetics, and minimal environmental disturbance of phytoremediation. Topics covered include:
* A discussion of activated carbon from lignin, particularly its use as a sorbent for in situ remediation of contaminated sediments
* An exploration of fresh and mature organic amendments for phytoremediation of technosols contaminated with high concentrations of trace elements
* An examination of the revitalization of metal-contaminated, EDTA-washed soil by addition of unpolluted soil, compost, and biochar
* A treatment of wheat straw biochar amendments on the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated soil
Perfect for environmental engineers, environmental scientists, geologists, chemical engineers, and landscape engineers, Handbook of Assisted and Amendment-Enhanced Sustainable Remediation Technology is also an indispensable reference for scientists working in the green chemistry and technology industries, biochemical engineers, environmental regulators, and policy makers.
List of contents
List of Contributors xvii
Preface xxv
Part I Global Scenario of Remediation and Combined Clean Biofuel Production 1
1 Global Remediation Industry and Trends 3
Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad, Lander de Jesus Alves and Fabio Carvalho Nunes
1.1 Introduction 3
1.1.1 Rise of Phytoremediation 4
1.1.2 The Phytoremediation Industry 5
1.1.3 The Key Players in Global Remediation and Phytoremediation 10
1.1.3.1 Markets by Sector 11
1.1.3.2 Markets by Application 11
1.1.3.3 Sizes of Market Sectors Potentially Available to Phytoremediation 11
1.2 Global 12
1.3 Mining in Latin America and Phytoremediation Possibilities 16
Acknowledgements 23
References 23
2 Sustainable Valorization of Biomass: From Assisted Phytoremediation to Green Energy Production 29
Martina Grifoni, Francesca Pedron, Meri Barbafieri, Irene Rosellini, Gianniantonio Petruzzelli and Elisabetta Franchi
2.1 Introduction 29
2.2 Bioenergy: The Role of Biomass 30
2.3 Assisted Phytoremediation: Valorization of Biomass 33
2.4 Assisted Phytoremediation-Bioenergy: An Integrated Approach 37
2.5 Conclusions 43
References 44
Part II Biochar-Based Soil and Water Remediation 53
3 Biochar - Production, Properties, and Service to Environmental Protection against Toxic Metals 55
Monika GaBwa-Widera
3.1 Introduction 55
3.2 How to Produce Biochar 55
3.3 Biochar Properties 57
3.4 Biochar in the Service of Environmental Protection 59
3.5 Soil Characteristics 59
3.6 Environmental Hazards Caused by Heavy Metals 60
3.7 Characteristics of Selected Heavy Metals 62
3.8 Zinc 64
3.9 Copper 64
3.10 Lead 65
3.11 Cadmium 66
3.12 Soil Pollution 67
3.13 What is Remediation and What is it for? 68
3.14 Improving Soil Properties 69
3.15 Removal of Impurities 69
3.16 The Addition of Biochar to Contaminated Soils may be Such a Solution 70
3.17 Summary 72
References 73
4 Biochar-based Water Treatment Systems for Clean Water Provision 77
Dwiwahju Sasongko, David Gunawan and Antonius Indarto
4.1 Introduction 77
4.2 Synthesis of Biochar 77
4.2.1 Pyrolysis Process 77
4.2.2 Pyrolysis Technology 78
4.3 Biochar Properties 80
4.3.1 Biochar Surface Chemistry 80
4.3.2 Pyrolysis Effect on Chemical Properties of Biochar 81
4.3.3 Pyrolysis Effect on Physical Properties of Biochar 81
4.4 Mechanism of Adsorption 82
4.4.1 Heavy Metal Removal Mechanism 82
4.4.2 Organic Contaminants Removal Mechanism 82
4.4.3 Pathogenic Organism Removal Mechanism 83
4.5 Factors Affecting Adsorption of Contaminants on Biochar 84
4.5.1 Biochar Properties 84
4.5.2 Post Treatment or Modification 85
4.5.3 Solution pH 87
4.5.4 Co-existed Ions 87
4.5.5 Dosage of Adsorbents 87
4.5.6 Temperature 87
4.5.7 Contact Time 87
4.5.8 Initial Concentration of Pollutants 88
4.6 Biochar-Based Water Treatment Systems 88
4.6.1 Biochar Supply 88
4.6.2 Biochar Use 89
4.6.3 Regeneration 90
4.6.3.1 Thermal Regeneration 90
4.6.3.2 Solvent Regeneration 93
4.6.3.3 Microwave Irradiation Regeneration 94
4.6.4 Supercritical Fluid Regeneration 94
4.6.5 Sustainability of Biochar Utilization 95
References 95
5 Biochar for Waste
About the author
Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad, is Emeritus Professor in the School of Life Sciences at the University of Hyderabad in India. He has published over 216 papers in scholarly journals and edited 34 books. He received his doctorate in Botany from Lucknow University, India in 1979. Based on an independent study by Stanford University scientists in 2020, he figured in the top 2% of scientists from India, ranked number 1 in Environmental Sciences (116 in world).
