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Learn about the analytical tools used to characterize particulate drug delivery systems with this comprehensive overview
Edited by a leading expert in the field, Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems provides a complete description of the analytical techniques used to characterize particulate drug systems on the micro- and nanoscale.
The book offers readers a full understanding of the basic physicochemical characteristics, material properties and differences between micro- and nanosystems. It explains how and why greater experience and more reliable measurement techniques are required as particle size shrinks, and the measured phenomena grow weaker.
Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems deals with a wide variety of topics relevant to chemical and solid-state analysis of drug delivery systems, including drug release, permeation, cell interaction, and safety. It is a complete resource for those interested in the development and manufacture of new medicines, the drug development process, and the translation of those drugs into life-enriching and lifesaving medicines.
Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems covers all of the following topics:
* An introduction to the analytical tools applied to determine particle size, morphology, and shape
* Common chemical approaches to drug system characterization
* A description of solid-state characterization of drug systems
* Drug release and permeation studies
* Toxicity and safety issues
* The interaction of drug particles with cells
Perfect for pharmaceutical chemists and engineers, as well as all other industry professionals and researchers who deal with drug delivery systems on a regular basis, Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems also belongs on bookshelves of interested students and faculty who interact with this topic.
List of contents
List of Contributors xiii
Series Preface xvii
List of Abbreviations xix
1 Selecting a Particle Sizer for the Pharmaceutical Industry 1
Margarida Figueiredo, M. José Moura and Paulo J. Ferreira
1.1 Introduction 1
1.1.1 Relevance of Particle Size in the Pharmaceutical Industry 1
1.1.2 Main Goals 2
1.1.3 Why it is So Difficult to Select a Particle Sizer 2
1.2 Particle Size Distribution 3
1.2.1 Equivalent Diameter 3
1.2.2 Reporting Particle Size 5
1.2.3 Distribution Statistics 7
1.3 Selecting a Particle Sizer 8
1.3.1 Classification 8
1.3.2 Selection Criteria 9
1.4 Aspects of Some Selected Methods 13
1.4.1 Optical Microscopy-based Methods 13
1.4.2 Laser Light-scattering Techniques 15
1.4.2.1 Laser Diffraction and Static Light Scattering 16
1.4.2.2 Dynamic Light Scattering 19
1.4.3 The Time-of-Flight Counter 20
1.4.4 Cascade Impactor 21
1.5 Conclusions 22
Acknowledgements 22
References 23
2 Spectroscopic Methods in Solid-state Characterization 27
Clare Strachan, Jukka Saarinen, Tiina Lipiäinen, Elina Vuorimaa-Laukkanen, Kaisa Rautaniemi, Timo Laaksonen, Marcin Skotnicki and Martin Dra ínsk?
2.1 Solid-state Structure of Particulates 27
2.2 Spectroscopy Overview 28
2.3 Spectroscopic Data Analysis 30
2.3.1 Band Assignment 30
2.3.2 Statistical Analysis 30
2.4 Infrared Spectroscopy 35
2.4.1 Principle 35
2.4.2 MIR Applications 37
2.4.3 MIR Imaging 40
2.5 Near-infrared Spectroscopy 40
2.5.1 Principle 40
2.5.2 NIR Applications 41
2.5.3 NIR Imaging 45
2.6 Terahertz Spectroscopy 46
2.6.1 Principle 46
2.6.2 Terahertz Applications 48
2.6.3 Terahertz Imaging 50
2.7 Raman Spectroscopy 50
2.7.1 Principle 50
2.7.2 Raman Applications 53
2.7.3 Raman Imaging 57
2.8 Nonlinear Optics 59
2.8.1 Principle 59
2.8.2 Nonlinear Optics Applications 61
2.8.3 Nonlinear Optical Imaging 61
2.9 Fluorescence Spectroscopy 65
2.9.1 Principle 65
2.9.2 Fluorescence from Solid-state Samples 67
2.9.3 Intrinsic Fluorophores in Solid Samples 68
2.9.4 Fluorescence Imaging 69
2.9.5 Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy 70
2.10 Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 71
2.10.1 The Basic Theory of NMR Spectroscopy 71
2.10.2 Solid-state NMR Technique 72
2.10.2.1 Dipole-Dipole Interactions 72
2.10.2.2 Chemical Shift Anisotropy 72
2.10.2.3 Quadrupolar Coupling 73
2.10.2.4 Indirect Coupling 73
2.10.2.5 Magic-angle Spinning and High-power Proton Decoupling 73
2.10.3 Solid-state NMR Experiments 75
2.10.3.1 Sample Preparation 75
2.10.3.2 Cross-polarization 76
2.10.3.3 Heteronuclear Correlation Experiments 77
2.10.4 Pharmaceutical Applications of Solid-state NMR 77
2.11 Conclusions 82
References 84
3 Microfluidic Analysis Techniques for Safety Assessment of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems 97
Tiina M. Sikanen, Iiro Kiiski and Elisa Ollikainen
3.1 Microfluidic Bioanalytical Platforms 97
3.2 Microfabrication Methods and Materials 98
3.3 Microfluidic Cell Cultures 101
3.3.1 Selection of the Microfabrication Material by Design 102
3.3.2 Additional Design Considerations 104
3.3.3 C
About the author
Leena Peltonen is Adjunct Professor in the Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology at the University of Helsinki, Finland. She holds two master's degrees, as well as a PhD in Pharmacy that she obtained in 2001.
Summary
Learn about the analytical tools used to characterize particulate drug delivery systems with this comprehensive overview
Edited by a leading expert in the field, Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems provides a complete description of the analytical techniques used to characterize particulate drug systems on the micro- and nanoscale.
The book offers readers a full understanding of the basic physicochemical characteristics, material properties and differences between micro- and nanosystems. It explains how and why greater experience and more reliable measurement techniques are required as particle size shrinks, and the measured phenomena grow weaker.
Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems deals with a wide variety of topics relevant to chemical and solid-state analysis of drug delivery systems, including drug release, permeation, cell interaction, and safety. It is a complete resource for those interested in the development and manufacture of new medicines, the drug development process, and the translation of those drugs into life-enriching and lifesaving medicines.
Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems covers all of the following topics:
* An introduction to the analytical tools applied to determine particle size, morphology, and shape
* Common chemical approaches to drug system characterization
* A description of solid-state characterization of drug systems
* Drug release and permeation studies
* Toxicity and safety issues
* The interaction of drug particles with cells
Perfect for pharmaceutical chemists and engineers, as well as all other industry professionals and researchers who deal with drug delivery systems on a regular basis, Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems also belongs on bookshelves of interested students and faculty who interact with this topic.
