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The ruling communist parties of the postwar Soviet Bloc possessed nearly unprecedented power to shape every level of society; perhaps in part because of this, they have been routinely depicted as monolithic, austere, and even opaque institutions. Communist Parties Revisited takes a markedly different approach, investigating everyday life within basic organizations to illuminate the inner workings of Eastern Bloc parties. Ranging across national and transnational contexts, the contributions assembled here reconstruct the rituals of party meetings, functionaries' informal practices, intra-party power struggles, and the social production of ideology to give a detailed account of state socialist policymaking on a micro-historical scale.
List of contents
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Introduction: Communist Parties Revisited: Sociocultural Approaches to Party Rule in the Soviet Bloc, 1956-1991
Rüdiger Bergien and Jens Gieseke Chapter 1. The Paradox of Party Discipline in the Khrushchev-Era Communist Party
Edward Cohn Chapter 2. "It Is Not possible to Allow Past Mistakes to Come Again." Recruitment Policy in the CPCS in the 1970s and 1980s
Michel Christian Chapter 3. Behind Closed Doors: The Erosion of SED Party Life in the 1980s
Sabine Pannen Chapter 4. The Successive Dissolution of the "Uncivil Society." Tracking SED Party Members in Opinion Polls and Secret Police Reports, 1969-1989
Jens Gieseke Chapter 5. On the Way to Party Pluralism? The PZPR and the Reform of the Socialist Party System in 1988-1989
Frédéric Zalewski Chapter 6. Communist Party Apparatuses as Steering Organizations: Paths of Development in East Central Europe
Christoph Boyer Chapter 7. The Central Committee Department of Party Organs under Khrushchev
Alexander Titov Chapter 8. True Believers Becoming Funded Experts? Personnel Profile and Political Power in the SED Central Committee's Sectoral Apparatus, 1946-1989
Rüdiger Bergien Chapter 9. Paternalism in Local Practice: The Logic of Repression, Ideological Hegemony and the Everyday Management of Society in an SED Local Secretariat
Andrea Bahr Chapter 10. The SED
Bezirk Secretaries as Brokers of Territorial Interests in the GDR
Jay Rowell Chapter 11. The Idea of Social Unity and Its Influence on the Mechanisms of a Totalitarian Regime in the Years 1956-1980
Krzysztof Dabek Chapter 12. Foreign Policymaking and Party-State Relations in the Soviet Union during the Brezhnev Era
Mark Kramer Chapter 13. Erich Honecker - The "Leading Representative." A Generational Perspective
Martin Sabrow Chapter 14. Inside the System The CPSU Central Committee, Mikhail Gorbachev's
Komanda, and the End of Communist Rule in Russia.
Jan C. Behrends Chapter 15. The Ironies of Membership: The Ruling Communist Party in Comparative Perspective
Padraic Kenney Index
About the author
Rüdiger Bergien is Privatdozent at the Humboldt University Berlin and a postdoctoral research fellow at the Centre for Contemporary History in Potsdam. His many publications include, most recently, Im Generalstab der Partei: Organisationskultur und Herrschaftspraxis in der SED-Zentrale (1946-1989) (2017).
Jens Gieseke is head of the research department “Communism and Society” at the Centre for Contemporary History in Potsdam, Germany. His most recent publications include The History of the Stasi: East Germany’s Secret Police, 1945–1990 (2014) and as co-editor, The Silent Majority in Communist and Post-Communist States: Opinion Polling in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe (2016).
Summary
Drawing from perspectives from within the everyday life of basic organizations and the practices of the party apparatuses, Communist Parties Revisited sheds light on the inner workings the Eastern Bloc, and the effects of state socialist policy on a micro historical level.
