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The dramatic growth of Christianity around the world in the last century has shifted the balance of power within the faith away from the traditional strongholds of Europe and the United States to the Global South. While we typically imagine Western missionaries carrying religion to the ends of the earth, David R. Swartz shows that the line of influence has often run the other way. Evangelicals in nations such as Korea, India, and Uganda have shaped the American church from abroad. Swartz tells stories of evangelicals crossing national boundaries, offering new insights into a tradition that imagines itself as simultaneously American and part of a global communion.
List of contents
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- PART I: Christian Americanism
- 1. Chicago 1945: Youth for Christ and World War II
- 2. Seoul 1952: World Vision and the Korean War
- PART II: Global Encounters
- 3. Sat Tal 1958: Cold War and Caste
- 4. Lausanne 1974: A Latin American Challenge to North American Missiology
- 5. Occidental Mindoro 1983: Transformational Development and the De-Americanization of World Vision
- 6. Almolonga 1999: Pentecostalism and the Enchantment of the West
- 7. Mbarara 2007: An East African Critique of American Sexuality
- PART III: Disorientations
- 8. Chiang Mai 2017: A Campaign against Human Trafficking
- 9. Boston 2045: The Quiet Revival and Non-Western Immigration
- Conclusion
- Index
About the author
David R. Swartz is an associate professor of history at Asbury University. He is the author of Moral Minority: The Evangelical Left in an Age of Conservatism (2012).
Summary
In 1974 nearly 3,000 evangelicals from 150 nations met at the Lausanne Congress on World Evangelization. Amidst this cosmopolitan setting —and in front of the most important white evangelical leaders of the United States —members of the Latin American Theological Fraternity spoke out against the American Church. Fiery speeches by Ecuadorian René Padilla and Peruvian Samuel Escobar revealed a global weariness with what they described as an American style of coldly efficient mission wedded to a myopic, right-leaning politics. Their bold critiques electrified Christians from around the world.
The dramatic growth of Christianity around the world in the last century has shifted the balance of power within the faith away from traditional strongholds in Europe and the United States. To be sure, evangelical populists who voted for Donald Trump have resisted certain global pressures, and Western missionaries have carried Christian Americanism abroad. But the line of influence has also run the other way. David R. Swartz demonstrates that evangelicals in the Global South spoke back to American evangelicals on matters of race, imperialism, theology, sexuality, and social justice. From the left, they pushed for racial egalitarianism, ecumenism, and more substantial development efforts. From the right, they advocated for a conservative sexual ethic grounded in postcolonial logic. As Christian immigration to the United States burgeoned in the wake of the Immigration Act of 1965, global evangelicals forced many American Christians to think more critically about their own assumptions.
The United States is just one node of a sprawling global network that includes Korea, India, Switzerland, the Philippines, Guatemala, Uganda, and Thailand. Telling stories of resistance, accommodation, and cooperation, Swartz shows that evangelical networks not only go out to, but also come from, the ends of the earth.
Additional text
Facing West is a fascinating and important book that can help reorient perspectives of American evangelicals. Swartz provides a balanced and thoughtful guide to understanding what American evangelicals have learned, and might learn, from the vast majority of world Christians who are not following American scripts.
