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Informationen zum Autor Editors Erik Meers, Department of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ghent University, Belgium Gerard Velthof, Wageningen Environmental Research, The Netherlands Evi Michels, Department of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ghent University, Belgium René Rietra, Wageningen Environmental Research, The Netherlands Series Editor Christian Stevens, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium Inhaltsverzeichnis List of Contributors xix Series Preface xxv Preface xxvii Section I Global Nutrient Flows and Cycling in Food Systems 1 1 Global Nutrient Flows and Cycling in Food Systems 3 Qian Liu, Jingmeng Wang, Yong Hou, Kimo van Dijk, Wei Qin, Jan Peter Lesschen, Gerard Velthof, and Oene Oenema 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Primary and Secondary Driving Forces of Nutrient Cycling 4 1.3 Anthropogenic Influences on Nutrient Cycling 6 1.4 The Global Nitrogen Cycle 7 1.5 The Global Phosphorus Cycle 9 1.6 Changes in Fertilizer Use During the Last 50Years 12 1.7 Changes in Harvested Crop Products and in Crop Residues During the Last 50Years 14 1.8 Changes in the Amounts of N and P in Animal Products and Manures 15 1.9 Changes in the Trade of Food and Feed 16 1.10 Changes in Nutrient Balances 16 1.11 General Discussion 17 References 20 Section II The Role of Policy Frameworks in the Transition Toward Nutrient Recycling 23 2.1 Toward a Framework that Stimulates Mineral Recovery in Europe 25 Nicolas De La Vega and Gregory Reuland 2.1.1 The Importance of Managing Organic Residues 25 2.1.2 The Rise of Nutrient and Carbon Recycling 26 2.1.3 The European Framework for Nutrient Recovery and Reuse (NRR) 27 2.1.4 EU Waste Legislation 27 2.1.5 Moving from Waste to Product Legislation and the Interplay with Other EU Legislation 29 2.1.6 Complying with Existing Environmental and Health & Safety Legislation 30 2.1.7 Conclusion 32 References 32 2.2 Livestock Nutrient Management Policy Framework in the United States 33 Georgine Yorgey and Chad Kruger 2.2.1 Introduction 33 2.2.2 The Legal-Regulatory Framework for Manure Nutrient Management 34 2.2.3 Current Manure-Management Practices 35 2.2.4 Public Investments for Improvement of Manure-Management Practices 36 2.2.5 The Role of the Judicial Process and Consumer-Driven Preferences 37 2.2.6 Limitations of the Current Framework 38 2.2.7 Conclusion 39 References 40 2.3 Biomass Nutrient Management in China: The Impact of Rapid Growth and Energy Demand 43 Paul Thiers 2.3.1 Introduction 43 2.3.2 The Impact of Economic Liberalization Policy in the 1980s and 1990s 43 2.3.3 Environmental Protection Efforts and Unintended Consequences 44 2.3.4 Renewable Energy Policy and Its Impact on Biomass Management 46 2.3.5 Conclusion 49 References 50 2.4 Nutrient Cycling in Agriculture in China 53 Lin Ma, Yong Hou, and Zhaohai Bai 2.4.1 Introduction 53 2.4.2 Nutrient Cycling in China 54 2.4.3 Effects on the Environment 55 2.4.4 Nutrient Management Policies 57 2.4.5 Future Perspectives 59 2.4.5.1 National Nutrient Management Strategy 59 2.4.5.2 Challenges of Technology Transfer in Manure Management 59 2.4.5.3 Environmental Protection 60 2.4.6 Conclusion 61 References 63 Section III State of the Art and Emerging Technologies in Nutrient Recovery from Organic Residues 65 3.1 Manure as a Resource for Energy and Nutrients 67 Ivona Sigurnjak, Reinhart Van Poucke, Céline Vaneeckhaut...
