Read more
M¿t n¿¿c Nh¿t Âu-hóa chi¿n th¿ng Trung-Hoa (1894) và Nga (1904-1905), vi¿c bãi b¿ khoa c¿ nho-h¿c ¿ Trung-Hoa (1905), ti¿n ¿¿n cüc Cách-m¿ng Tân-H¿i (1911) ¿ã khi¿n cho c¿ Á-châu b¿ lôi cün mãnh li¿t vào trong làn sóng Âu-hóa. Khoa c¿ nho-h¿c ¿ Vi¿t-Nam b¿ bãi b¿ v¿i khoa thi cüi cùng n¿m 1918. M¿t th¿ h¿ tân-h¿c hoàn toàn Âu-hóa t¿t nghi¿p vào cüi th¿p niên 1920 và ¿¿u th¿p niên 1930; nh¿ng th¿ h¿ tân-h¿c k¿ ti¿p thay phiên nhau ¿em ¿¿n nh¿ng s¿ thay ¿¿i cho xã h¿i Vi¿t-Nam, t¿ phong t¿c, t¿p quán, t¿ t¿¿ng, cách s¿ng, ¿¿n ch¿ ¿¿, h¿c v¿n, v.v... Qua biên kh¿o này, chúng tôi c¿ g¿ng hình dung con ¿¿¿ng duy-tân mà ti¿n nhân ¿ã b¿t ¿¿u t¿ h¿n m¿t th¿ k¿ nay. | At the end of the nineteenth century, a wave of Westernization swept all of Asia into movements of reform: Japan defeated China in the war in 1894 and overcame the Russian fleet in 1904-1905; and China abolished the civil service examination system in 1905, followed by the Chinese Revolution of 1911. Vietnam in turn abolished the civil service examination system in 1918. A new generation of completely Westernized intellectuals graduated from the colonial school system at the end of the 1920s and into the early 1930s. This generation and the following have brought successive changes to Vietnamese society, influencing customs, thinking, way of life, education, literature, politics, and more. In this work of research, we attempt to understand the Road to Modernization that began more than a century ago.
