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Since the earliest medical, philosophical, and literary texts in ancient civilizations, madness has posed some basic issues: how to separate sanity from insanity, to distinguish mental and bodily illnesses, and to specify the variety of internal and external forces that lead people to become mentally ill. This book explores the answers to these questions that have emerged over time and concludes that current portrayals are not much improved compared to those that emerged thousands of years ago. The puzzles that madness presents are likely to remain unresolved for the foreseeable future and perhaps forever.
List of contents
- Preface
- 1. Puzzles of Mental Illness
- 2. Before Psychiatry
- 3. A Biological Century
- 4. Freud Transformation of Normality
- 5. Mental Illness Becomes Ubiquitous
- 6. The Decline and Fall of Dynamic Psychiatry
- 7. Diagnostic Psychiatry
- 8. Biology Reemerges
- 9. The Successes and Failures of the DSM Revolution
- 10. The Past and Future of Mental Illness
About the author
Allan V. Horwitz is Board of Governors Distinguished Professor Emeritus in the Department of Sociology at Rutgers University. He has published over 100 articles and chapters about various aspects of mental health and illness as well as nine books, including Creating Mental Illness (University of Chicago Press 2002), The Loss of Sadness: How Psychiatry Transformed Normal Misery into Depressive Disorder (Oxford University Press 2007 with Jerome Wakefield), All We Have to Fear (Oxford University Press 2012 with Jerome Wakefield), A Short History of Anxiety (Johns Hopkins University Press 2013), and PTSD: A Short History (Johns Hopkins University Press 2018). In 2006, he received the Leonard Pearlin Award for Distinguished Lifetime Contributions to the Sociology of Mental Health and in 2016 the Leo G. Reeder Award for Lifetime Contributions to Medical Sociology, both from the American Sociological Association. He has been a Fellow-in-Residence at the Netherlands Institute for
Advanced Study (2007-2008) and at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford (2012-2013).
Summary
Between Sanity and Madness: Mental Illness from Ancient Greece to the Neuroscientific Era examines several perennial issues about mental illness: how different societies have distinguished mental disorders from normality; whether mental illnesses are similar to or different from organic conditions; and the ways in which different eras conceive of the causes of mental disorder. It begins with the earliest depictions of mental illness in Ancient Greek literature, philosophy, and medicine and concludes with the portrayals found in modern neuroscience. In contrast to the tremendous advances other branches of medicine display in answering questions about the nature, causes, and treatments of physical diseases, current psychiatric knowledge about what qualities of madness distinguish it from sanity, the resemblance of mental and physical pathologies, and the kinds of factors that lead people to become mentally ill does not show any steady growth or, arguably, much progress. The immense recent technological advances in brain science have not yet led to corresponding improvements in understandings of and explanations for mental illnesses. These perplexing phenomena remain almost as mysterious now as they were millennia ago.
Additional text
Horwitz demonstrates just how recalcitrant mental illness has been to historical, cross-cultural, and contemporary diagnostic systems, including those of American psychiatry today. That impressive resistance to psychological, social and biological explanations does not mean that the psychiatric treatment of the mentally ill has not improved, only that we are still in an era of uncertainty and limited knowledge which should make us humble and honest about how far we still have to go to have an adequate theory of mental illness. A balanced, easy to read, and useful book.
