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Informationen zum Autor Christopher Ward is a scholar on water and the environment with a particular interest in the Middle East. He studied at St John's College and St Antony's College, Oxford. After 25 years working at the World Bank, he joined the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies at the University of Exeter, UK. He is the author of The Water Crisis in Yemen (2015) and of Water Scarcity, Climate Change and Conflict in the Middle East (2018). as well as of numerous studies and articles, most recently on water scarcity in Viet Nam and Indonesia, and of a monograph on desalination. Sandra Meryl Ruckstuhl is a scholar and researcher who specializes in water and natural resource management, conflict and peacebuilding. She holds a MSc and PhD in Conflict Analysis and Resolution from the Carter School at George Mason University. She is the co-author of Water Scarcity, Climate Change and Conflict in the Middle East (I.B.Tauris, 2018). She is currently Special Advisor and Senior Researcher at the International Water Management Institute.The countries that make up the MENA region display wide diversity. Zusammenfassung The countries that make up the MENA region display wide diversity. One of the poorest countries in the world sits alongside two of the wealthiest! whilst the region's natural resources range from immeasurable oil and gas reserves to some of the scantiest natural endowments anywhere in the world. Yet through this diversity runs a common thread: water scarcity. Now! through the impact of human development and climate change! the water resource itself is changing!bringing new risks and increasing the vulnerability of all those dependent on water. Chris Ward and Sandra Ruckstuhl assess the increased challenges now facing the countries of the region! placing particular emphasis on water scarcity and the resultant risks to livelihoods! food security and the environment. They evaluate the risks and reality of climate change in the region! and offer an assessment of the vulnerability of agriculture and livelihoods. In a final section! they explore the options for responding to the new challenges! including policy! institutional! economic and technical measures. Inhaltsverzeichnis Contents Introduction: Background on the Middle East & North Africa regionThe countries of the regionA varied set of countries Wide structural differences and diverse natural endowmentsGlobal and regional trendsSluggish growth, poor fiscal outlook and low investor confidence Trade and food security Political change Demographic trends and pressures The effects of conflictWater in the regionWater scarcity is a common thread Demographic pressures are contributing to scarcity Economic changes are also exacerbating scarcity The faint but clear voice of the environment and of water’s ecological services Water scarcity and climate change Water scarcity and the need for an integrated approachAgricultureThe importance of agriculture in the Middle East & North Africa Pressures on agriculture Agriculture and water scarcity Agriculture and climate change Competition for water and the case for transfer of water out of agriculture Agriculture and rural poverty Perceived links between water, agriculture and food securityWater and conflictPART I: CHALLENGESChapter 1: The challenge of water and agriculture and the drivers of water scarcity Water resources and usesWater uses by sectorClimate and farming systemsThe contribution of agricultureFood security and agricultural water managementFood production and consumption in the Middle East & North Africa Food security and insecurity Impacts of conflict on food security Can food insecurity drive conflict? Links between agriculture and food securityRecent trends: an agriculture already under stressLand and water use in agriculture Productivity, technology and innovation Market orient...
