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Oral health is a branch of medicine concerned with teeth and other areas of the craniofacial complex including the temporomandibular joint and the supporting muscular, lymphatic, vascular, nervous and anatomical structures. Tooth decay is the most common disease occurring globally. Over 80% of cavities occur inside the fissures in teeth, which are not accessible by brushing. Teeth cleaning removes dental plaque and tartar and thus prevents cavities, gum disease, gingivitis and tooth decay. Professional cleaning involves scaling and polishing, debridement and fluoride treatment. Good oral hygiene is required for the prevention of tartar build-up and can be ensured with regular brushing and flossing. Dentures and retainers should also be cleaned regularly. A dentist or a dental surgeon specializes in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the conditions of the oral cavity. Complex procedures such as bone grafting, gingival grafts, invasive oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures, sinus lifts and implants, etc. are performed by a dental team comprising of the dentist, dental hygienists, dental therapists, dental technicians and dental assistants. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of oral health. It discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches of oral health and dentistry. It is a collective contribution of a renowned group of international experts.
