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The Roman conquest of Italy in the Republican period (from c. 400 to 50 BC) led to widespread economic changes in which the conquered Italians played an important role. Italy's Economic Revolution analyses the integration of Italy during this period and explores the interplay between economic activities and unification in its civic, legal, social, and cultural senses. On one hand, it investigates whether Italy became more integrated economically following the Roman conquest and traces the widely varying local reactions to the globalization of the Italian economy; on the other, it examines whether and how economic activities carried out by Italians contributed to the integration of the Italian peoples into the Roman framework.
Throughout the Republican period, Italians were able to profit from the expansion of the Roman dominion in the Mediterranean and the new economic opportunities it afforded, which led to gradual changes in institutions, culture, and language: through overseas trade and commercial agriculture they had gained significant wealth, which they invested in the Italian landscape, and they were often ahead of Romans when it came to engagement with Hellenistic culture. However, their economic prosperity and cultural sophistication did not lead to civic equality, nor to equal opportunities to exploit the territories the Italians had conquered under Rome's lead. Eventually the Italians rose in rebellion against Rome in the Social War of 91-88 BC, after which they were finally granted Roman citizenship. This volume investigates not only whether and how economic interaction played a role in this civic integration, but also highlights the importance of Roman citizenship as an instrument of further economic, political, social, and cultural integration between Romans and Italians.
List of contents
- Frontmatter
- List of Figures
- List of Maps
- 1: Introduction: economy and integration in the Roman Republic
- 1.1: Introduction
- 1.2: The structure of this book
- 1.3: Economic activities and institutions
- 1.4: Integration and identity
- 1.5: Integration and Romanization
- 1.6: The administration of conquered areas
- 1.7: Sources and methodology
- 2: Points of contact: interaction between Roman and Italian
- 2.1: Introduction
- 2.2: Roman colonization and spatial integration between Romans and Italians
- 2.3: Migration and mobility
- 2.4: Sanctuaries and temples as meeting places
- 2.5: Fairs and markets
- 2.6: Other interactions between Romans and Italians
- 2.6.1: Military service
- 2.6.2: Social relations: intermarriage, friendships, elite networks
- 2.7: Conclusion
- 3: The economic integration of Italy
- 3.1: Introduction
- 3.2: Italian commercial activities in the Mediterranean
- 3.2.1: Italians in the Mediterranean
- 3.2.2: Commercial export
- 3.2.3: Developments in agriculture and manufacturing
- 3.3: Economic developments in Italy
- 3.3.1: Latium
- 3.3.2: Campania
- 3.3.3: Apulia
- 3.3.4: Lucania and Bruttium
- 3.3.5: Macroeconomic developments in Republican Italy
- 3.4: Conclusion
- 4: Consequences of interaction: institutional and cultural change
- 4.1: Introduction
- 4.2: Legal and institutional instruments for interaction
- 4.2.1: Legal developments
- 4.2.2: Italian administration and institutions
- 4.2.3: Italian and Roman coinage
- 4.2.4: Weights and measures
- 4.2.5: Conclusion
- 4.3: The investment of wealth in Italy
- 4.4: Cultural developments
- 4.5: Linguistic developments
- 4.6: The concept of Italian and Italian identity
- 4.7: Roman protection of its allies
- 4.8: Conclusion
- 5: From economic to political integration
- 5.1: Introduction
- 5.2: Cultural prejudice against Italians
- 5.3: The position of Italians in the late second century
- 5.3.1: Roman and Italian power relations
- 5.3.2: Lack of Roman citizenship and its negative effects for economic activities
- 5.3.3: Other causes of resentment
- 5.4: Demands for citizenship in the late second century
- 5.5: The outbreak of the Social War
- 5.6: The grant of citizenship to the Italians
- 5.7: Political and economic opportunities for Italians after the Social War
- 5.8: Italian identity after the Social War
- 5.9: Conclusion
- 6: General conclusions
- Endmatter
- Bibliography
- Index
About the author
Saskia T. Roselaar obtained her PhD from Leiden University in 2009 and has worked as a Newton International Fellow at the University of Manchester and as a Nottingham Advanced Research Fellow. Her 2010 book Public Land in the Roman Republic: A Social and Economic History of Ager Publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC (Oxford University Press) was awarded the James Henry Breasted Prize and the Premio Speciale della Corte Costituzionale della Repubblica Italiana. Her research interests cover the social, economic, and legal history of the Roman Republic, as well as issues of citizenship and integration in the Roman world in general.
Summary
The Roman conquest of Italy in the Republican period led to widespread economic changes in which the conquered Italians played an important role. This volume explores the interplay between economic activities and the integration of the Italian peoples into the Roman civic, legal, social, and cultural framework.
Additional text
... Roselaar has succeeded in writing a truly thought-provoking book, which fits nicely into a growing trend of reappraisal of the agency of non-Romans in the formative years of the Roman State.
