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Modern perceptions of race across much of the Global South are indebted to the Brazilian social scientist Gilberto Freyre, who in works such as The Masters and the Slaves claimed that Portuguese colonialism produced exceptionally benign and tolerant race relations. This volume radically reinterprets Freyre's Luso-tropicalist arguments and critically engages with the historical complexity of racial concepts and practices in the Portuguese-speaking world. Encompassing Brazil as well as Portuguese-speaking societies in Africa, Asia, and even Portugal itself, it places an interdisciplinary group of scholars in conversation to challenge the conventional understanding of twentieth-century racialization, proffering new insights into such controversial topics as human plasticity, racial amalgamation, and the tropes and proxies of whiteness.
List of contents
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
Introduction Warwick Anderson, Ricardo Roque, and Ricardo Ventura Santos PART I: PICTURING AND READING FREYRE Chapter 1. Gilberto Freyre's View of Miscegenation and Its Circulation in the Portuguese Empire (1930s-1960s)
Cláudia Castelo Chapter 2. Gilberto Freyre: Racial Populism and Ethnic Nationalism
Jerry Dávila Chapter 3. Anthropology and Pan-Africanism at the Margins of the Portuguese Empire: Trajectories of Kamba Simango
Lorenzo Macagno PART II: IMAGINING A MIXED-RACE NATION Chapter 4. Eugenics, Genetics and Anthropology in Brazil:
The Masters and the Slaves, Racial Miscegenation and Its Discontents
Robert Wegner and Vanderlei Sebastião de Souza Chapter 5. Gilberto Freyre and the UNESCO Research Project on Race Relations in Brazil
Marcos Chor Maio Chapter 6. "An Immense Mosaic": Race Mixing and the Creation of the Genetic Nation in 1960s Brazil
Rosanna Dent and Ricardo Ventura Santos PART III: THE COLONIAL SCIENCES OF RACE Chapter 7. The Racial Science of Patriotic Primitives: António Mendes Correia in Portuguese Timor
Ricardo Roque Chapter 8. Reassessing Portuguese Exceptionalism: Racial Concepts and Colonial Policies toward the "Bushmen" in Southern Angola, 1880s-1970s
Samuël Coghe Chapter 9. "Anthropobiology", Racial Miscegenation and Body Normality: Comparing Biotypological Studies in Brazil and Portugal, 1930-1940
Ana Carolina Vimieiro Gomes PART IV: PORTUGUESENESS IN THE TROPICS Chapter 10. Luso-Tropicalism Debunked, Again: Race, Racism, and Racialism in Three Portuguese-Speaking Societies
Cristiana Bastos Chapter 11. Being Goan (Modern) in Zanzibar: Mobility, Relationality and the Stitching of Race
Pamila Gupta Afterword I: Mixing the Global Color Palette
Nélia Dias Afterword II: Luso-tropicalism and Mixture in the Latin American Context
Peter Wade Index
About the author
Warwick Anderson is the Janet Dora Hine Professor of Politics, Governance and Ethics in the Department of History and the Charles Perkins Centre at the University of Sydney. He is the author of The Cultivation of Whiteness (2002), Colonial Pathologies (2006), The Collectors of Lost Souls (2008), and with Ian R. Mackay, Intolerant Bodies (2014).
Ricardo Roque is a Research Fellow at the Institute of Social Sciences of the University of Lisbon and currently an Honorary Associate in the Department of History of the University of Sydney. He is the author of Headhunting and Colonialism (2010) and the co-editor of Engaging Colonial Knowledge (2012).
Ricardo Ventura Santos is a Senior Researcher at Fundação Oswaldo Cruz and Professor at the Department of Anthropology of the National Museum, in Rio de Janeiro. He is the author of The Xavante in Transition (2002) and co-editor of Racial Identities, Genetic Ancestry, and Health in South America (2011) and Mestizo Genomics (2014).
Summary
Luso-Tropicalism and Its Discontents reassesses Gilberto Freyre's influential claims that Portuguese colonialism produced what came to be called "racial democracy," and explores racialization beyond the common trope of "race-mixing".
