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Vitamin D deficiency, circulating levels lower than 15 ng/ml, is an epidemic disease worldwide with more than a billion people suffering of it in the beginning of the 21-century. Besides its impact on mineral and bone metabolism, these low vitamin D levels are also associated with a diversity of non-skeletal complications, among them cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, cancer, tuberculosis, and immune system dysfunction. Chronic Kidney Disease is also a very common disease, affecting more than 10% of the world population, ranging from stage 1 to stage 5 before dialysis. Approximately 1% of the population in industrialized countries is affected by end-stage renal disease (ESRD), needing a renal replacement therapy either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, and ultimately by renal transplantation. Those CKD patients are more susceptible to exhibit reduced vitamin D stocks. Consequently, more than eighty percent of CKD patients have either insufficient ordeficient vitamin D levels for multiple reasons.
List of contents
Section I. Generalities, Measurement and Epidemiology
Chapter 1. Vitamin D Metabolism in Normal and Chronic Kidney Disease States
Chapter 2. Epidemiology of Vitamin D Deficiency in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 3. Molecular Biology of Vitamin D: Genomic and Nongenomic Actions of Vitamin D in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 4. Vitamin D Receptor and Interaction with DNA: From Physiology to Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 5. Measurement of Circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and Vitamin D-Binding Protein in Chronic Kidney Diseases
SECTION II. Classical Mineral and Bone Effects
Chapter 6. Vitamin D and Racial Differences in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 7. Vitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone Regulation in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 8. The Parathyroid Type I Receptor and Vitamin D in Chronic Kidney Disease Chapter 9. Vitamin D and Klotho in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 10. Vitamin D and FGF23 in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 11. Wnt/sclerostin and the Relation with Vitamin D in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 12. Vitamin D and Bone in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 13. Vitamin D in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Focus on Longitudinal Bone Growth
SECTION III. Non-classical Effects of Vitamin D
Chapter 14. Vitamin D and Progression of Renal Failure
Chapter 15. Vitamin D and Diabetes in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 16. Vitamin D and Muscle in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 17. Vitamin D Deficiency and Infection in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 18. Vitamin D and Inflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 19. Vitamin D and Heart Structure and Function in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 20. Vitamin D and Endothelial Function in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 21. Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease<
Chapter 22. Calciphylaxis and Vitamin D
Chapter 23. Vitamin D and Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 24. Vitamin D and Mortality Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease
SECTION IV: Kidney Transplantation
Chapter 25. Vitamin D in Kidney Transplantation
Chapter 26. Vitamin D in Acute and Chronic Rejection of Transplanted Kidney
Chapter 27. Nutrition and Dietary Vitamin D in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 28. Natural Vitamin D in Chronic Kidney Disease Chapter 29. Which Vitamin D in Chronic Kidney Disease: Nutritional or Active Vitamin D? Or both?
Chapter 30. Use of New Vitamin D Analogs in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 31. Interaction Between Vitamin D and Calcimimetics in Chronic Kidney Disease
About the author
Pablo URENA TORRES, M.D., Ph.D.
Department of Nephrology and Dialysis. Clinique du Landy. 23, rue du Landy. 93400 Saint Ouen, France, and Department of Department of Renal Physiology. Necker Hospital, University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
Mario COZZOLINO, M.D. Ph.D.
Department of Health Sciences, Renal Division, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Marc G. VERVLOET, M.D., Ph.D.
Department of Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Summary
Vitamin D deficiency, circulating levels lower than 15 ng/ml, is an epidemic disease worldwide with more than a billion people suffering of it in the beginning of the 21-century. Besides its impact on mineral and bone metabolism, these low vitamin D levels are also associated with a diversity of non-skeletal complications, among them cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, cancer, tuberculosis, and immune system dysfunction. Chronic Kidney Disease is also a very common disease, affecting more than 10% of the world population, ranging from stage 1 to stage 5 before dialysis. Approximately 1% of the population in industrialized countries is affected by end-stage renal disease (ESRD), needing a renal replacement therapy either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, and ultimately by renal transplantation. Those CKD patients are more susceptible to exhibit reduced vitamin D stocks. Consequently, more than eighty percent of CKD patients have either insufficient ordeficient vitamin D levels for multiple reasons.
