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Excerpt from The Simpler Natural Bases
It is common to nearly all the simpler natural bases, however, that they are insoluble in ether and chloroform and readily soluble in water, so that their isolation is generally more di¿'icult than that of the complex vegetable alkaloids, which can be extracted by making the aqueous solutions of their salts alkaline and then shaking with a solvent immiscible with water. The separation of the simpler bases from each other and from non-basic substances like peptones must be carried out by means Of suitable precipitants and crystalline derivatives. The special technique required for this purpose constitutes the chief bond between the bases with which we are here concerned. This technique was first elaborated in a systematic manner by Brieger, who employed mercuric chloride in the isolation Of putrefaction bases. The introduction of phosphotungstic acid, by Drechsel, as a general precipitant for basic substances and its use for preparative purposes marked a great advance; later Kossel added the silver method for the separation of imino-bases, such as arginine and histidine. Since then the details Of technique have been chie¿y elaborated in three centres.
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